Vračanje migrantov na meji brez dostopa do azilnega postopka kot razmerje med pravom in politiko : diplomsko delo

Meden, Brina (author), Durnik, Mitja (mentor)

Migracije predstavljajo eno osrednjih političnih, pravnih in varnostnih vprašanj sodobne družbe. Kljub veljavnemu mednarodnemu, evropskemu in nacionalnemu pravnemu okvirju, ki ureja področje migracij in mednarodne zaščite, je raziskava pokazala, da razlogi za odstopanja v praksi niso povezani zgolj s pravnimi pomanjkljivostmi, temveč z načinom izvajanja politike, z institucionalnimi praksami in z varnostnim diskurzom. Namen diplomskega dela je preučiti dostop do azilnega postopka v Sloveniji v obdobju 2020–2024 ter ga primerjati z Republiko Hrvaško. Raziskava ugotavlja, kako in zakaj prihaja do razlik med formalno določenimi pravnimi standardi in njihovim dejanskim izvajanjem v praksi. V delu so predstavljeni temeljni pojmi migracij, mednarodne zaščite in azila ter razvoj evropske migracijske politike. Raziskovalni del temelji na analizi zakonodaje, sodne prakse, statističnih podatkov, poročil mednarodnih, nevladnih organizacij in državnih institucij. Rezultati raziskave kažejo, da sta Slovenija in Hrvaška evropski pravni okvir ustrezno prenesli v nacionalno zakonodajo, vendar v praksi še vedno prihaja do odstopanj pri dostopu do azilnega postopka, pri spoštovanju načela nevračanja in zagotavljanju individualne obravnave migrantov. Na razkorak med normativnim okvirom in izvajanjem v praksi vplivajo politični, družbeni in varnostni dejavniki. Primerjalna analiza je pokazala, da so razlike med državama predvsem posledica geografskega položaja Hrvaške kot članice zunanje schengenske meje Evropske unije in večjega migracijskega pritiska. Ugotovitve raziskave kažejo, da učinkovitost varstva človekovih pravic migrantov ni odvisna zgolj od ustreznega pravnega okvira, temveč od doslednega izvajanja v praksi. Diplomsko delo predstavlja podlago za nadaljnje raziskave pri razvoju migracijske politike in usklajevanja varnostnih interesov držav ter spoštovanju temeljnih človekovih pravic.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: migracije, mednarodna zaščita, azilni postopek, migracijska politika, sekuritizacija, človekove pravice
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: FU - Faculty of Administration
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [B. Meden]
• Year: 2026
• Number of pages: X, 44 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-186024
• UDC: 336.13:330.322.5(497.4)(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 288925443
• Publication date in RUL: 26.08.2026

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Return of migrants at the border without access to asylum procedure as a relationship between law and politics

Abstract

Migration is one of the central political, legal and security issues of modern society. Despite the current international, European and national legal framework governing migration and international protection, the research has shown that the reasons for deviations in practice are not only related to legal shortcomings, but also to the way in wich policy is implemented, institucional practices and security discourse. The purpose of the thesis is to examine access to the asylum procedure in Slovenia in the period 2020–2024 and compare it with Croatia. The research identifies how and why differences arise between formally defined legal standards and their actual implementation in practice. The work presents the basic concepts of migration, international protection and asylum and the development of European migration policy. The research part is based on an analysis of legislation, case law, statistical data, reports from international, non-governmental organisations and state institutions. The results of the research show that Slovenia and Croatia have adequately transposed the European legal framework into national legislation, but in practice there are still discrepancies in access to the asylum procedure, respect for the principle of non-refoulement and ensuring individual treatment of migrants. The gap between the normative framework and its implementation in practice is influenced by political, social and security factors. The comparative analysis showed that the differences between the countries are mainly a consequence of the geographical position of Croatia as a member of the external Schengen border of the European Union and greater migration pressure. The findings of the research show that the effectiveness of the protection of the human rights of migrants does not depend only on an appropriate legal framework, but also on consistent implementation in practice. The thesis represents the basis for further research in the development of migration policy and the coordination of security interests of states and respect for fundamental human rights.

• Keywords: migration, international protection, asylum procedure, migration policy, securitization, human rights