Vpliv nepravilne lege in funkcije jezika na razvoj zobnih nepravilnosti : diplomsko delo

Ozmec, Maja (author), Ovsenik, Maja (mentor), Mauer, Maja (comentor), Ovsenik, Rok (comentor), Kralj-Iglič, Veronika (reviewer)

Uvod: Na rast in razvoj orofacialnega področja poleg genetskih in rastnih dejavnikov vplivajo tudi dihanje, požiranje, žvečenje ter govor. Jezik zaradi svojega položaja in delovanja sodeluje pri vzdrževanju ravnovesja sil med zobmi, ustnicami in lici ter tako vpliva na oblikovanje zobnih lokov in položaj zob. Nepravilna lega jezika in atipično požiranje sta povezana z različnimi zobnimi in čeljustnimi nepravilnostmi, med katerimi so posteriorni križni griz, anteriorni odprti griz in spremembe položaja sekalcev. Pri njihovi obravnavi je pomembno celovito vrednotenje orofacialnih funkcij ter ustrezna izbira ortodontskega pripomočka glede na potrebe posameznega pacienta. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je predstaviti vpliv nepravilne lege in funkcije jezika na razvoj zobnih nepravilnosti ter izdelati transpalatinalni lok z aktilatno čašico in ograjico za jezik. Metode dela: Diplomsko delo temelji na pregledu domače in tuje strokovne literature o legi in funkciji jezika, orofacialnih funkcijah, zobnih in čeljustnih nepravilnostih ter ortodontskih pripomočkih za obravnavo odklonov lege in funkcije jezika. Literatura v slovenskem in angleškem jeziku je bila iskana v podatkovni zbirki PubMed in spletnem iskalniku Google Scholar. V ortodontskem laboratoriju Stomatološke klinike v Ljubljani smo izdelali transpalatinalni lok z akrilatno čašico in ograjico za jezik, posamezne faze laboratorijske izdelave pa smo dokumentirali s kamero pametnega telefona. Rezultati: Diplomsko delo opisuje vse laboratorijske faze izdelave transpalatinalnega loka z akrilatno čašico in ograjico za jezik ter jih prikaže s slikovnim gradivom. Razprava in zaključek: V diplomskem delu smo predstavili fiziološko in nepravilno lego ter funkcijo jezika in njuno povezanost z rastjo in razvojem orofacialnega področja. Obravnavali smo vpliv nepravilne lege jezika, atipičnega požiranja, oralnega dihanja in sesalnih razvad na razvoj zobnih in čeljustnih nepravilnosti. Predstavili smo tudi načine vrednotenja lege jezika ter snemne in fiksne ortodontske pripomočke, namenjene obravnavi odklonov njegove lege in funkcije.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, laboratorijska zobna protetika, lega jezika, funkcija jezika, nepravilno požiranje, orofacialne funkcije, zobne in čeljustne nepravilnosti, ortodontski pripomočki, transpalatinalni lok
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [M. Ozmec]
• Year: 2026
• Number of pages: VIII, 36 str., [1] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-185828
• UDC: 616.31
• COBISS.SI-ID: 288411139
• Publication date in RUL: 21.08.2026

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The influence of incorrect tongue position and function on malocclusion development : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: In addition to genetic and growth-related factors, the growth and development of the orofacial region are influenced by breathing, swallowing, chewing and speech. Through its posture and function, the tongue contributes to maintaining the balance of forces between the teeth, lips and cheeks, thereby influencing the shape of the dental arches and tooth position. Abnormal tongue posture and atypical swallowing are associated with various dental and jaw abnormalities, including posterior crossbite, anterior open bite, and changes in incisor position. Their management requires a comprehensive assessment of orofacial functions and the appropriate selection of an orthodontic appliance according to the individual needs of the patient. Purpose: The purpose of the diploma thesis was to present the influence of abnormal tongue posture and function on the development of dental abnormalities. An additional purpose was to fabricate a transpalatal arch with an acrylic cup and a tongue crib. Methods: The diploma thesis was based on a review of Slovenian and international professional literature on tongue posture and function, orofacial functions, dental and jaw abnormalities, and orthodontic appliances used to manage abnormal tongue posture and function. Slovenian and English-language literature was searched in the PubMed database and via Google Scholar. A transpalatal arch with an acrylic cup and a tongue crib was made in the Orthodontic Laboratory of the Dental Clinic in Ljubljana, and the individual laboratory stages were documented using a smartphone camera. Results: The diploma thesis describes all laboratory stages involved in making a transpalatal arch with an acrylic cup and a tongue crib and presents them through photographic documentation. Discussion and conclusion: The diploma thesis presented physiological and abnormal tongue posture and function and their association with the growth and development of the orofacial region. The influence of abnormal tongue posture, atypical swallowing, oral breathing, and sucking habits on the development of dental and jaw abnormalities was discussed. Methods for assessing tongue posture and removable and fixed orthodontic appliances used in the management of abnormal tongue posture and function were also presented.

• Keywords: diploma theses, laboratory dental prosthetics, tongue posture, tongue function, atypical swallowing, orofacial functions, dental and jaw abnormalities, orthodontic appliances, transpalatal arch