Vpliv prezgodnjega rojstva na razvoj otroka : diplomsko delo

Paš, Lara (author), Prelec, Anita (mentor), Perme, Tina (comentor), Stanek Zidarič, Tita (reviewer)

Uvod: Nedonošenčki, rojeni pred 37. tednom nosečnosti, so zelo ranljivi zaradi nezrelosti organskih sistemov in pogosto potrebujejo intenzivno zdravstveno obravnavo. Prezgodnje rojstvo lahko povzroči številne zdravstvene zaplete. Poleg akutnih težav se lahko pojavijo tudi kasnejši zaostanki v razvoju. Pravočasna diagnostika in ustrezna obravnava s sodelovanjem različnih strokovnjakov sta ključna za izboljšanje izidov in zmanjšanje dolgoročnih posledic. Razumevanje zapletov in njihovih učinkov je pomembno za celostno podporo zdravju in razvoju nedonošenčkov. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je predstaviti zdravstvene zaplete pri nedonošenčkih, sodobne metode zdravljenja ter pomen zgodnje obravnave in interdisciplinarnega pristopa, ki izboljšuje dolgoročni razvoj ter kakovost življenja teh otrok. Metode dela: Uporabljena je deskriptivna metoda dela s sistematičnim pregledom literature. Pregledali smo znanstvene članke in klinične smernice, pri čemer smo upoštevali vire, stare največ 10 let, v slovenskem in angleškem jeziku. Iskanje je potekalo med aprilom in junijem 2026 v spletnih podatkovnih bazah PubMed in Cochrane Library. Za pregled in izbor literature smo uporabili PRISMA diagram, ki prikazuje postopek selekcije virov. Rezultati: V končni pregled literature smo vključili 7 virov. Rezultati kažejo, da ima prezgodnji porod pomemben vpliv na nevrološki, kognitivni in vedenjski razvoj otrok. Otroci, rojeni prezgodaj, pogosto doživljajo težave z izvršilnimi funkcijami, motoričnimi sposobnostmi ter socialno in vedenjsko prilagodljivostjo. Še posebej otroci, rojeni pred 28. tednom gestacije, so bolj izpostavljeni tveganju za razvoj motenj, kot so motnje pozornosti in težave pri učenju. Zgodnje prepoznavanje teh motenj je ključnega pomena za zmanjšanje dolgoročnih negativnih učinkov na razvoj. Razprava in zaključek: Prezgodnji porod predstavlja velik izziv za zdravje novorojenčkov, saj je pogosto povezan z različnimi zdravstvenimi zapleti. Kljub napredku v neonatalni medicini pa so dolgoročni učinki prezgodnjega rojstva še vedno izraziti, zlasti na nevrološkem in psihosocialnem področju. Potrebne so nadaljnje raziskave za razvoj učinkovitih preventivnih in terapevtskih strategij. Ključne besede: prezgodnji porod, dolgotrajne posledice nedonošenosti, razvoj nedonošenčkov, zdravstveni zapleti nedonošenčkov

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, babištvo, prezgodnji porod, dolgotrajne posledice nedonošenosti, razvoj nedonošenčkov, zdravstveni zapleti nedonošenčkov
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [L. Paš]
• Year: 2026
• Number of pages: IX, 38 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-185827
• UDC: 618.2/.7
• COBISS.SI-ID: 288404995
• Publication date in RUL: 21.08.2026

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The impact of premature birth on child development : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Preterm infants, born before the 37th week of pregnancy, are highly vulnerable due to the immaturity of their organ systems and often require intensive medical treatment. Premature birth can cause numerous health complications. In addition to acute problems, later developmental delays may also occur. Timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment involving collaboration among various specialists are crucial for improving outcomes and reducing long-term consequences. Purpose: The aim of the thesis was to present the health complications in preterm infants, modern treatment methods, and the importance of early intervention and an interdisciplinary approach, which improve long-term development and the quality of life of these children. Methods: In the thesis, a descriptive method with a systematic literature review was used. Scientific articles and clinical guidelines were reviewed, considering sources no older than 10 years. The search was conducted between April and June 2026 in the online databases PubMed and Cochrane Library. For reviewing and selecting literature, a PRISMA diagram was used to illustrate the selection process. Results: A total of 7 articles were analyzed. The results show that preterm birth has a significant impact on the neurological, cognitive, and behavioral development of children. Children born prematurely often experience difficulties with executive functions, motor skills, and social and behavioral adaptability. In particular, children born before the 28th week of gestation are at a higher risk of developing disorders such as attention disorders and learning difficulties. Early identification of these disorders is crucial for reducing long-term negative effects on development. Discussion and conclusion: Preterm birth represents a major challenge for the health of newborns, as it is often associated with various medical complications. Despite advances in neonatal medicine, the long-term effects of preterm birth remain significant, particularly in the neurological and psychosocial domains. Further research is needed to develop effective preventive and therapeutic strategies. Keywords: preterm birth, long-term effects of prematurity, development of preterm infants, health complications in preterm infants

• Keywords: diploma theses, midwifery, preterm birth, long-term effects of prematurity, development of preterm infants, health complications in preterm infants