Diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT) with a combination of clomiphene citrate (Clomid®) and vitamins E, C and B in a male Caucasian dog

Ubah, Simon Azubuike (author), Zachariya, Esther (author), Barde, Thomas (author), Abalaka, Samson Eneojo (author)

A two-year-old Caucasian male dog weighing 55.4 kg was presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital with the complaint of infertility. History evaluation revealed that he had mated ten bitches in the last eight months impregnating none of them. Clinical examination, laboratory investigations and semen evaluation were performed twice, 60 days apart. Semen and sperm parameters were poor with low percentage motility and vitality, low concentration, and high percentage of sperm abnormalities. No significant bacteria were isolated from cultures of the semen and preputial swab. Scrotal ultrasonography showed no evidence of testicular degeneration. Pre-treatment serum hormonal evaluation showed normal concentrations of follicle-stimulating hor-mone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH), testosterone, thyroxin (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), prolactin and resting cortisol as well as low bicarbonate level. Haematology revealed evidence of leucocytosis. Based on the history, clinical examination and laboratory find-ings, the case was diagnosed as idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT). Here, a possible management of idiopathic OAT in a Caucasian dog with oral Clomiphene ci-trate (Clomid®) together with Vitamins E, C and B supplements for 60 days is described. Altogether, there was a marked improvement in the semen and sperm parameters at 90 days from the onset of treatment. Semen volume increased, together with increased sperm motility, vitality and concentration, and decreased percentage of sperm with morphological abnormalities.

• Language: English
• Keywords: oligoasthenoteratozoospermia, canine infertility, clomiphene citrate, vitamins
• Work type: Article
• Typology: 1.04 - Professional Article
• Organization: VF - Veterinary Faculty
• Publication status: Published
• Publication version: Version of Record
• Year: 2025
• Number of pages: Str. 115-124
• Numbering: Vol. 62, iss. 2
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-185521
• UDC: 636.09:616
• ISSN on article: 2385-8761
• COBISS.SI-ID: 285456899
• Publication date in RUL: 07.08.2026

Record is a part of a journal

• Title: Slovenian veterinary research
• Publisher: Veterinarska fakulteta, Veterinarska fakulteta, Založba Univerze v Ljubljani
• ISSN: 2385-8761
• COBISS.SI-ID: 275836160

Licences

• License: CC BY-SA 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International
• Link: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
• Description: This Creative Commons license is very similar to the regular Attribution license, but requires the release of all derivative works under this same license.

Secondary language

• Language: Slovenian
• Title: Preliminarna ocena vpliva medu na reproduktivno zmogljivost kokoši z golim vratom