Roto-translational levitated optomechanics

Rademacher, Markus (author), Pontin, Antonio (author), Gosling, Jonathan (author), Barker, Peter (author), Toroš, Marko (author)

evitated optomechanics, the interaction between light and small levitated objects, is a research platform that is being used as a testing ground for fundamental physics and for the development of sensors with exquisite sensitivity. The distinct advantage of this system, when compared to other quantum optomechanical systems, is its extreme isolation from the environment and, by the relatively few degrees of freedom that a levitated object has. While work in the field has strongly focused on the three translational degrees of freedom of this system, it has become increasingly important to understand the induced rotational motion of levitated objects, particularly in optical trapping fields, but also in magnetic and electric traps. These additional three degrees of freedom, which are intrinsic to levitated systems, offer a new set of optomechanical nonlinear interactions that lead to a rich and yet largely unexplored roto-translational motion. The control and utilization of these interactions promise to extend the utility of levitated optomechanics in both fundamental studies and applications. In this review, we provide a brief overview of levitated optomechanics, before focusing on the roto-translational motion of optically levitated anisotropic objects. We first present a classical treatment of this induced motion, bridging the gap between classical and quantum formalisms. We describe the different types of roto-translational motion for different particle shapes via their interaction with polarized optical trapping fields. Subsequently, we provide an overview of the theoretical and experimental approaches as well as applications that have established this new field. The review concludes with an outlook of promising experiments and applications as well as the outstanding theoretical and experimental challenges that must be overcome to meet them. This includes the creation of non-classical states of roto-translational motion, quantum-limited torque sensing and particle characterization methods.

• Language: English
• Keywords: optomechanics, optical levitation, magnetic levitation, electric levitation
• Work type: Article
• Typology: 1.02 - Review Article
• Organization: FMF - Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
• Publication status: Published
• Publication version: Version of Record
• Year: 2026
• Number of pages: 66 str.
• Numbering: Vol. 1187
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-185226
• UDC: 53
• ISSN on article: 1873-6270
• DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2026.05.003
• COBISS.SI-ID: 286288131
• Publication date in RUL: 29.07.2026

Record is a part of a journal

• Title: Physics reports
• Publisher: Elsevier Science
• ISSN: 1873-6270
• COBISS.SI-ID: 226675715

Licences

• License: CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Link: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Description: This is the standard Creative Commons license that gives others maximum freedom to do what they want with the work as long as they credit the author.

Secondary language

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: optomehanika, optična levitacija, magnetna levitacija, električna levitacija