Vpliv kronične nestabilnosti gležnja na biomehaniko spodnjega uda - pregled literature : diplomsko delo

Maček, Karla (author), Vauhnik, Renata (mentor), Stražar, Klemen (reviewer)

Uvod: Kronična nestabilnost gležnja je patološko stanje, ki se pogosto pojavi kot posledica neustrezne rehabilitacije in posledičnih ponavljajočih se zvinov gležnja. Spremljajo jo proprioceptivne in nevromišične spremembe, občutek nestabilnosti sklepa, lahko tudi bolečina. Najpogosteje se pojavi pri mlajši aktivni populaciji ter lahko vodi v zmanjšanje telesne aktivnosti in slabšo kakovost življenja. Predvidevamo, da v ta namen posamezniki razvijejo kompenzatorne spremembe ne le gležnja, temveč celotne spodnje kinetične verige. Namen: Namen pregleda je bil ugotoviti, ali do biomehanskih sprememb pri posameznikih s kronično nestabilnostjo gležnja res prihaja, in če prihaja, do kakšnih. Metode dela: Iskanje ustreznih člankov je bilo izvedeno v podatkovnih bazah PubMed in PEDro z uporabo ključnih besed »chronic ankle instability AND biomechanics in lower limb biomechanics«. Vključitveni kriteriji so zajemali raziskave v angleškem jeziku, objavljene v zadnjih 15 letih, ki so primerjale biomehaniko spodnjega uda med posamezniki s kronično nestabilnostjo gležnja in zdravimi posamezniki. Izključitveni kriteriji so zajemali metaanalize in preglede literature ter vsebinsko neustrezne raziskave. Rezultati: Z upoštevanjem vključitvenih in izključitvenih kriterijev je bilo v pregled vključenih pet raziskav. Avtorji so v njih preučevali spremembe v kinetiki, kinematiki in mišični aktivnosti med različnimi gibalnimi nalogami. Analiza rezultatov je pokazala veliko variabilnost opaženih sprememb v gležnju, kolenu in kolku ter pripadajočih mišicah. Razprava in zaključek: Kljub veliki variabilnosti rezultatov lahko zaključimo, da do sprememb v biomehaniki pri posameznikih s kronično nestabilnostjo gležnja verjetno prihaja, vendar so neenotne. Sklepamo lahko, da je uporaba kompenzacijske strategije odvisna od zahtevnosti naloge, pa tudi od vsakega posameznika in specifičnih deficitov, ki so pri njem najbolj izraženi. V prihodnje bi bilo smiselno poenotiti metodologijo in izbrati večje vzorce za bolj reprezentativne rezultate.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, fizioterapija, kronična nestabilnost gležnja, biomehanika, spodnji ud, gibalne naloge
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [K. Maček]
• Year: 2026
• Number of pages: IX, 28 str., [2] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-185142
• UDC: 615.8
• COBISS.SI-ID: 285936643
• Publication date in RUL: 24.07.2026

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Effect of chronic ankle instability on lower limb biomechanics - literature review : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Chronic ankle instability is a pathological condition that relatively commonly develops as a result of inadequate rehabilitation and recurrent ankle sprains. It is associated with proprioceptive and neuromuscular alterations, a subjective feeling of joint instability, and may also be accompanied by pain. It most frequently occurs in a young, physically active population and can lead to reduced levels of physical activity and a decreased quality of life. It is assumed that, as a consequence, individuals develop compensatory adaptations not only at the ankle joint but throughout the entire lower kinetic chain. Purpose: The aim of this review was to determine whether biomechanical alterations occur in individuals with chronic ankle instability and, if so, to identify their nature. Methods: A literature search was conducted in the PubMed and PEDro databases using the keywords »chronic ankle instability AND biomechanics or lower limb biomechanics«. Studies published in English within the past 15 years that compared lower limb biomechanics between individuals with chronic ankle instability and healthy controls were included. Meta-analyses, review articles, and studies not relevant to the research topic were excluded. Results: A total of five studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were included in the review. These studies investigated changes in kinetics, kinematics, and muscle activity during various movement tasks. The analysis revealed substantial variability in the observed alterations at the ankle, knee, and hip, as well as in the associated musculature. Discussion and conclusion: Despite the considerable variability in findings, it can be concluded that biomechanical alterations are likely present in individuals with chronic ankle instability, although these changes are not consistent. The use of compensatory strategies appears to depend on the demands of the task, as well as on individual-specific deficits. Future research should aim to standardize methodologies and include larger sample sizes to obtain more representative results.

• Keywords: diploma theses, physiotherapy, chronic ankle instability, biomechanics, lower limb, movement tasks