Splošne jezikoslovne značilnosti tianjinskega narečja

Tajnšek, Pia (author), Petrovčič, Mateja (mentor)

V Ljudski republiki Kitajski je uradni jezik standardna kitajščina (putonghua 普通话), ki temelji in izhaja iz številnih kitajskih narečij. Poleg teh pa obstajajo tudi narečja, ki izhajajo iz drugih jezikov in imajo bolj malo, če sploh kaj, skupnega s standardnim jezikom. Kitajska nrečja se v splošnem delijo na severna in južna narečja, ki se razlikujejo v stereotipiziranju. Poseben poudarek bomo namenili severnim in severovzhodnim narečjem ter njihovim splošnim značilnostim, saj lahko na podlagi teh bolje razumemo tianjinsko narečje (tianjinhua 天津话) in njegovo samosvojost. Diplomsko delo izhaja iz predpostavke, da tianjinsko narečje ni zgolj lokalna različica standardne kitajščine ali pekinškega narečja, temveč samostojen in izrazito prepoznaven govor z lastnimi značilnostmi. V diplomskem delu je predstavljen zgodovinski razvoj mesta Tianjin ter vpliv pristanišča, trgovine, migracij in kulturnih stikov na razvoj lokalnega govora. Zaradi zgodovinske vloge Tianjina kot pristaniškega mesta je ta prevzemal vplive različnih kultur in drugih severnokitajskih narečij, kar se ne odraža le v družbi, ampak tudi v govoru. V nalogi obravnavamo posebnosti tonskega sistema, tonski sandhij, izgovorjave ter nekatere slovnične in leksikalne značilnosti. Posebna pozornost je namenjena značilnim izrazom, slengu, pregovorom in humorju, ki pomembno oblikujejo identiteto govorcev tianjinskega narečja in še dodatno potrdijo predpostavko, da je tianjinsko narečje samostojen in prepoznaven govor. Predstavljeni so tudi primeri prevzetih besed in kulturnih izrazov, ki odražajo zgodovinski razvoj mesta ter njegove družbene posebnosti, ker nakazuje na njegovo dolgoletno spreminjanje in prilagajanje družbi. V diplomskem delu želimo pokazati, da tianjinhua predstavlja pomemben del jezikovne in kulturne dediščine severne Kitajske ter ostaja pomemben nosilec regionalne identitete, lokalne kulture in edinstvenega narečja.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Tianjinsko narečje (tianjinhua天津话), jezikoslovne značilnosti narečja, mesto Tianjin, tonski sandhi, humoristični govor (xiangshenghua 相声话)
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: FF - Faculty of Arts
• Publication status: Published
• Publication version: Version of Record
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [P. Tajnšek]
• Year: 2026
• Number of pages: 40 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-184979
• UDC: 811.581'282(512.155)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 285438979
• Publication date in RUL: 19.07.2026

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: General linguistic characteristics of the Tianjin dialect

Abstract

In the People’s Republic of China, the official language is Standard Mandarin Chinese (putonghua 普通话), from which originate several hundred different dialects and regional varieties. In addition to these, there are also dialects originating from other languages, which have little or no connection to Mandarin. Chinese dialects are generally divided into northern and southern dialects, which already differ in terms of common stereotypes. This thesis places particular emphasis on northern and northeastern dialects and their general characteristics, as they provide a better basis for understanding the Tianjin dialect (tianjinhua 天津话) and its distinctiveness. The thesis is based on the assumption that the Tianjin dialect is not merely a local variety of Standard Mandarin or the Beijing dialect, but an independent and highly distinctive form of speech with its own characteristics. Thesis presents the historical development of Tianjin city and the influence of its port, trade, migration, and cultural contacts on the development of the local language. Due to Tianjin’s historical role as a port city, it has absorbed influences from various cultures and other northern Chinese dialects, which is reflected not only in society but also in speech. The study examines the features of the tonal system, tone sandhi, pronunciation, as well as certain grammatical and lexical characteristics. Special attention is given to characteristic expressions, slang, proverbs, and humor, which significantly shape the identity of Tianjin dialect speakers and further support the assumption that it is an independent and recognizable form of speech. Examples of loanwords and culturally specific expressions are also presented, reflecting the historical development of the city and its social characteristics, highlighting its long-term evolution and adaptation to society. The aim of this thesis is to demonstrate that tianjinhua represents an important part of the linguistic and cultural heritage of northern China and remains a significant carrier of regional identity, local culture, and a unique dialectal tradition.

• Keywords: Tianjin dialect (tianjinhua 天津话), linguistic characteristics of the dialect, city of Tianjin, tone sandhi, humorous speech (xiangshenghua 相声话)