Fizioterapevtska obravnava dojenčkov s prirojenim tortikolisom - pregled literature : diplomsko delo

Rituper, Živa (author), Vauhnik, Renata (mentor), Tomc Žargi, Tina (reviewer)

Uvod: Prirojeni mišični tortikolis je stanje, ki vključuje spremembe v mišično-skeletnem sistemu in najpogosteje prizadene dojenčke. Glede na znake in simptome bolezni se deli v tri večje skupine. Stopnja pojavnosti pri dojenčkih se v zadnjih letih giblje med 0,2 % in 2 %. Vratna mišica musculus sternocleidomastoideus se zakrči in povzroča asimetrijo drže ter zmanjša funkcionalnost in optimalni razvoj dojenčka. Osnovna terapija pri prizadetih dojenčkih sestoji iz raznolikih neinvazivnih fizioterapevtskih postopkov, v hujših primerih pa se stanje zdravi tudi s kirurškimi posegi. Pomembno vlogo pri obravnavi predstavlja tudi edukacija staršev, ki z dojenčkom preživijo največ časa. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je na podlagi pregleda in analize znanstvene in strokovne literature ugotoviti učinkovitost fizioterapevtske obravnave pri dojenčkih s kongenitalnim tortikolisom. Metode dela: Iskanje literature je potekalo v elektronski podatkovni bazi PubMed. Za iskanje sta bili uporabljeni ključni besedi v angleškem jeziku »physiotherapy AND babies with torticollis«. Vključene so bile randomizirane kontrolirane raziskave, ki so bile prosto dostopne in napisane v angleškem jeziku ter objavljene v obdobju 2010–2025. Rezultati: Na podlagi vključitvenih kriterijev so bile v pregled literature vključene štiri randomizirane kontrolirane raziskave, v katerih so preučevali vpliv fizioterapevtske obravnave na stanje pri dojenčkih s prirojenim mišičnim tortikolisom. Raziskave so bile izvedene na dojenčkih, mlajših od enega leta starosti z diagnosticiranim tortikolisom in brez pridruženih bolezni ali drugih deformacij. V vseh izbranih raziskavah je bilo skupno obravnavanih 166 dojenčkov. Ugotovili so, da zgodnja fizioterapevtska obravnava pri dojenčkih izboljša stanje in omogoči večjo gibljivost ter funkcionalnost vratnega predela. Razprava in zaključek: Majhni vzorci preiskovancev in pomanjkanje podatkov o dolgoročnem spremljanju otežujejo posploševanje, kljub temu pa lahko iz analiziranih raziskav zaključimo, da fizioterapevtska obravnava dojenčkov s prirojenim mišičnim tortikolisom poveča pasivno in aktivno gibljivost ter izboljša funkcionalnost vratnega predela. Na podlagi rezultatov lahko sklenemo, da je fizioterapevtska obravnava najbolj optimalna za zgodnjo obravnavo obolelih dojenčkov in vodi do uspešnih izidov. V prihodnje priporočamo dodatno raziskovanje na tem področju.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, fizioterapija, prirojeni mišični tortikolis, dojenčki, učinkovitost, edukacija
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [Ž. Rituper]
• Year: 2026
• Number of pages: VIII, 28 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-184746
• UDC: 615.8
• COBISS.SI-ID: 285082627
• Publication date in RUL: 15.07.2026

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Physiotherapy treatment of infants with congenital torticollis - literature review : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Congenital muscular torticollis is a condition involving changes in the musculoskeletal system and most commonly affects infants; it is divided into three main groups based on the signs and symptoms. The prevalence among infants has ranged between 0,2% and 2% in recent years. The sternocleidomastoid neck muscle contracts, causing postural asymmetry and impairing the infant's functionality and optimal development. The primary treatment for affected infants consists of various non-invasive physical therapy procedures; in more severe cases the condition is also treated with surgical interventions. Parent education also plays an important role in management, as parents spend the most time with the infant. Purpose: The purpose of this diploma work is to determine, based on a review and analysis of scientific and professional literature, the effectiveness of physical therapy treatment for infants with congenital torticollis. Methods: The literature search was conducted in the PubMed electronic database. The search used the English keywords »physiotherapy AND babies with torticollis«. The study included randomized controlled trials that were freely accessible and written in English and published between 2010 and 2025.Results: Based on the inclusion criteria, four randomized controlled trials were included in the literature review; these studies examined the effect of physical therapy on the condition of infants with congenital muscular torticollis. The studies were conducted on infants younger than one year of age, diagnosed with torticollis and without associated diseases or other deformities. A total of 166 infants were included across all selected studies. It was found that early physical therapy treatment in infants improves their condition and enables greater mobility and functionality of the neck region. Discussion and conclusion: Small sample sizes and a lack of data on long-term follow-up make it difficult to generalize, nevertheless, based on the analyzed studies, we can conclude thah physical therapy for infants with congenital muscular torticollis increases passive and active range of motion and improves neck function. Based on the results, we can conclude that physical therapy is the most optimal approach for the early treatment of affected infants and leads to successful outcomes. We recommend further research in this area in the future.

• Keywords: diploma theses, physiotherapy, congenital muscular torticollis, infants, physical therapy, effectiveness, education