Changes in systemic inflammatory marker levels following percutaneous revascularisation of lower extremity arteries

Glogovšek, Maja (author), Dobovičnik, Ula (author), Boc, Vinko (author), Boc, Anja (author), Božič Mijovski, Mojca (author), Poredoš, Pavel (author), Pelicon, Kevin (author)

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a manifestation of systemic atherosclerosis in which inflammation plays a central pathogenic role. Endovascular revascularisation may transiently amplify inflammation due to vascular injury, but successful restoration of perfusion could reduce inflammatory burden over time. This prospective, observational, single-centre pilot study aimed to characterise the temporal dynamics of inflammatory biomarkers during the first three months following endovascular revascularisation of the lower limbs. Consecutive patients with PAD who underwent successful percutaneous femoropopliteal revascularisation at the Department of Vascular Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia, between January 2022 and January 2024 were enrolled. Venous blood was obtained one hour before the procedure, one day afterwards, and again approximately three months later. Concentrations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukins (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10), and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) were measured. Temporal changes in biomarker levels were analysed using Friedman and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests where appropriate. Clinical outcomes were evaluated at three months and one year post-procedure and were further verified through patient telephone interviews. The observed outcomes were worsening of PAD symptoms, newly diagnosed angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, stroke, transient ischaemic attack (TIA), or death. Twenty-eight patients (median age 69 years) completed all blood samplings. IL-6 concentrations increased significantly one day after revascularisation and decreased below preprocedural levels at three months, with significant differences observed across all time points (p < 0.001). IL-10 and TNFα decreased significantly between the postprocedural and three-month measurements (p = 0.012 and p = 0.016, respectively), but not below preprocedural levels. No significant changes were observed in hsCRP or IL-8. Over a median follow-up of 732 days, 9 patients experienced worsening PAD symptoms in the treated limb, 2 developed new-onset PAD symptoms in the contralateral limb, and 1 was newly diagnosed with angina pectoris. No myocardial infarction, stroke, TIA, or death occurred. To conclude, endovascular femoropopliteal revascularisation induces distinct short-term inflammatory responses, with IL-6 showing the most pronounced peri-procedural dynamics. The observed reductions in some inflammatory biomarker levels at three months suggest that restored limb perfusion may modulate systemic inflammation. Larger studies are warranted to clarify the prognostic relevance of these biomarkers.

• Language: English
• Keywords: peripheral arterial disease, biomarkers, inflammation, endovascular revascularisation, intermittent claudication, atherosclerosis
• Work type: Article
• Typology: 1.01 - Original Scientific Article
• Organization: MF - Faculty of Medicine; FFA - Faculty of Pharmacy
• Publication status: Published
• Publication version: Version of Record
• Year: 2026
• Number of pages: 10 str.
• Numbering: Vol. 27, issue 5, art. 2404
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-184431
• UDC: 616.1
• ISSN on article: 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms27052404
• COBISS.SI-ID: 270922499
• Publication date in RUL: 07.07.2026

Record is a part of a journal

• Title: International journal of molecular sciences
• Shortened title: Int. j. mol. sci.
• Publisher: MDPI
• ISSN: 1422-0067
• COBISS.SI-ID: 2779162

Licences

• License: CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Link: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Description: This is the standard Creative Commons license that gives others maximum freedom to do what they want with the work as long as they credit the author.

Projects

• Funder: ARIS - Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency
• Project number: P3-0308
• Name: Ateroskleroza in tromboza

• Funder: ARIS - Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency
• Project number: P3-0154
• Name: Metodologija za analizo podatkov v medicini