Ali je imitacija odskoka brez osnovne hitrosti gibanja lahko dobra vadbena metoda za razvoj odrivne moči smučarjev skakalcev?

Jošt, Bojan (author)

Namen raziskovalne študije je bil proučiti strukturo odrivne moči smučarjev skakalcev pri imitaciji odskoka, ki je dokaj priljubljeno vadbeno sredstvo, in primerjati obliko impulza odrivne sile s tisto pri resničnem odskoku na skakalnici. Predmet raziskovanja je bila odrivna moč, izmerjena pri izvedbi vertikalnega odskoka v športnih copatih in skakalnih čevljih, ter imitacija odskoka s pomikom težišča za 30 cm v skakalnih čevljih in imitacija odskoka z lovljenjem v skakalnih čevljih. Podatki o izbranih dejavnikih strukture odrivne moči so bili pridobljeni na vzorcu štirih smučark skakalk, med katerimi sta bili tudi zmagovalka svetovnega pokala in olimpijska prvakinja. Pri vseh štirih različicah imitacije odskoka so se pojavili bistveno daljši časi odriva, kot je čas odriva pri odrivu na skakalnici. Odrivni čas se je povečal za 40 do 60 % glede na čas odriva pri realnem odskoku, ki traja približno od 0,2 do 0,3 sekunde. Največja razlika med obliko odrivnega impulza na skakalnici in imitacijo odskoka je bila izražena pri imitaciji odskoka z lovljenjem v skakalnih čevljih. Navidezno všečna vadbena metoda je pokazala, da so resnični živčno--mišični mehanizmi odrivne moči bistveno drugačni kot pri izvedbi realnega odskoka. Vadba z uporabo imitacije odskoka z lovljenjem lahko povzroča z vidika razvoja tehnike odskoka povsem nasprotne učinke, kot so potrebni za izvedbo pravilne tehnike odskoka na skakalnici.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: šport, smučarski skoki, imitacija odskoka, odrivna moč
• Work type: Article
• Typology: 1.01 - Original Scientific Article
• Organization: FŠ - Faculty of Sport
• Publication status: Published
• Publication version: Version of Record
• Year: 2025
• Number of pages: Str. 191-202
• Numbering: Letn. 73, št. 3/4
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-184397
• UDC: 796.925
• ISSN on article: 3024-0603
• DOI: 10.52165/sport.73.3-4.191-202
• COBISS.SI-ID: 265292803
• Publication date in RUL: 06.07.2026

Record is a part of a journal

• Title: Šport
• Shortened title: Šport
• Publisher: Založba Univerze v Ljubljani
• ISSN: 3024-0603
• COBISS.SI-ID: 241824003

Licences

• License: CC BY-SA 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International
• Link: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
• Description: This Creative Commons license is very similar to the regular Attribution license, but requires the release of all derivative works under this same license.

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Can imitation of a jump without basic movement speed be a good training method for developing the take-off power of ski jumpers?

Abstract

The aim of the research study was to examine the structure of take-off power in ski jumpers during a take-off imitation, which is a relatively popular training method, and to compare the shape of the take-off force impulse with that of the real take-off impulse on the ski jump ramp. Take-off imitation can serve as a means of developing the motor programme for the take-off technique and improving various components of take-off power. The subject of the research was take-off power measured during a vertical jump performed in sports shoes and ski jumping boots, as well as during a take-off imitation with a 30 cm centre-of-mass displacement and a take-off imitation with catching. Data on selected factors of the take-off power structure were obtained from a sample of four female ski jumpers, including a World Cup overall winner and an Olympic champion. All four variations of take-off imitation produced significantly longer take-off times compared to the take-off time during a real jump on the ski jump ramp. Take-off time increased by 40 to 60% relative to the real take-off, which typically lasts approximately 0.2 to 0.3 seconds. The largest difference between the shape of the take-off impulse on the ski jump ramp and that during the take-off imitation was observed in take-off imitation with catching performed in ski jumping boots. This seemingly appealing training method demonstrated that the actual neuromuscular mechanisms of take-off power differ substantially from those involved in the execution of a real take-off. From the perspective of take-off technique development, training involving take-off imitation with catching may produce effects that are quite the opposite of those required for proper take-off technique on the ski jump ramp. Take-off imitation with catching can be an effective training tool in the initial phase of movement technique improvement during take-off, especially for beginners. However, for more experienced male and female ski jumpers, this method is unlikely to contribute significantly to the positive development of the specific take-off power. On the contrary, an improper training approach may even lead to negative transfer effects on the development of take-off technique during the real jump.

• Keywords: sport, ski jumping, take-off power, take-off imitation