Vpliv življenjskega sloga pri preprečevanju in obvladovanju migrene : diplomsko delo

Završnik, Sonja (author), Thaler, Darja (mentor), Gogova, Tina (reviewer)

Uvod: Migrena je kompleksna nevrološka motnja, za katero so značilni ponavljajoči se glavoboli, pogosto povezani s slabostjo, preobčutljivostjo na svetlobo in zvok ter zmanjšano zmožnostjo vsakodnevnega delovanja. Zaradi pogostosti, nepredvidljivosti napadov in vpliva na delovno, socialno ter družinsko življenje predstavlja pomemben javnozdravstveni problem. Na pojavnost in obvladovanje migrene pomembno vpliva tudi življenjski slog, zato imajo poleg zdravljenja z zdravili pomembno vlogo nefarmakološki ukrepi, samooskrba ter zdravstvenovzgojna podpora pacientom. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je proučiti vpliv življenjskega sloga na preprečevanje in obvladovanje migrene ter ugotoviti, kateri dejavniki življenjskega sloga pomembno vplivajo na pojavnost in potek migrenskih napadov. Metode dela: V diplomskem delu je bila uporabljena deskriptivna metoda dela s pregledom strokovne in znanstvene literature. Iskanje literature je potekalo v podatkovnih bazah DiKUL, PubMed, CINAHL Ultimate, ScienceDirect in s pomočjo iskalnika Google Učenjak. V pregled so bili vključeni vsebinsko ustrezni članki, objavljeni med letoma 2016 in 2026, v slovenskem ali angleškem jeziku. Rezultati: Pregled literature je pokazal, da imajo dejavniki življenjskega sloga pomembno vlogo pri preprečevanju in obvladovanju migrene. Redna in uravnotežena prehrana, zadostna hidracija, zmerna telesna dejavnost ter urejen spalni ritem so povezani z manjšo pogostostjo in intenzivnostjo migrenskih napadov. Nasprotno lahko preskakovanje obrokov, telesna neaktivnost, slaba kakovost spanja, stres in prekomerno uživanje kofeina povečajo tveganje za pojav migrene. Rezultati poudarjajo tudi pomen individualnega pristopa, saj se sprožilci in odzivi na spremembe življenjskega sloga med pacienti razlikujejo. Razprava in zaključek: Učinkovito obvladovanje migrene je povezano z aktivnim sodelovanjem pacientov pri sprejemanju odločitev o lastnem zdravju in doslednim upoštevanjem priporočil za obvladovanje bolezni. Takšen pristop spodbuja večjo vključenost pacienta v proces obravnave in prispeva k izboljšanju izidov obravnave. Pomembno vlogo pri tem imajo medicinske sestre, ki z izobraževanjem, svetovanjem in spodbujanjem samoobvladovanja bolezni prispevajo k učinkovitejšemu obvladovanju migrene. Dolgoročno vzdržne in posamezniku prilagojene življenjske navade lahko pomembno izboljšajo kakovost življenja pacientov ter zmanjšajo breme bolezni.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, zdravstvena nega, obravnava migrene, prehrana, telesna dejavnost, spanje
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [S. Završnik]
• Year: 2026
• Number of pages: VII, 26 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-184355
• UDC: 616-083
• COBISS.SI-ID: 284512515
• Publication date in RUL: 05.07.2026

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The impact of lifestyle on migraine prevention and management : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Migraine is a complex neurological disorder characterized by recurrent headaches, often accompanied by nausea, sensitivity to light and sound, and a reduced ability to function in daily life. Due to the frequency and unpredictability of attacks and their impact on work, social, and family life, migraine represents a significant public health problem. Lifestyle also significantly influences the occurrence and management of migraine. Therefore, in addition to drug therapy, non-pharmacological measures, self-care, and health education support for patients play an important role. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to examine the impact of lifestyle on the prevention and management of migraine and to identify which lifestyle factors significantly influence the frequency and course of migraine attacks. Methods: This thesis used a descriptive research method based on a review of professional and scientific literature. The literature search was conducted in the DiKUL, PubMed, CINAHL Ultimate, and ScienceDirect databases, as well as through Google Scholar. The review included relevant articles published between 2016 and 2026 in Slovenian or English. Results: The literature review showed that lifestyle factors play an important role in the prevention and management of migraine. A regular and balanced diet, adequate hydration, moderate physical activity, and a regular sleep schedule are associated with a lower frequency and intensity of migraine attacks. In contrast, skipping meals, physical inactivity, poor sleep quality, stress, and excessive caffeine consumption may increase the risk of migraine. The results also highlight the importance of an individualized approach, as triggers and responses to lifestyle changes vary among patients. Discussion and conclusion: Effective migraine management is associated with the active involvement of patients in making decisions about their own health and with consistent adherence to recommendations for disease management. Such an approach encourages greater patient participation in the care process and contributes to improved care outcomes. Nurses play an important role in this process through education, counselling, and the promotion of self-management, thereby contributing to more effective migraine management. Long-term sustainable and individually tailored lifestyle habits can significantly improve patients’ quality of life and reduce the burden of the disease.

• Keywords: diploma theses, nursing care, migraine management, diet, physical activity, sleep