Vpliv osnovnih aerodinamičnih parametrov na nastanek in oblikovanje zvoka pri klarinetu

Pokorn, Špela (author), Kunej, Drago (mentor)

V magistrski nalogi sem spoznavala akustiko klarineta, ob čemer sem se osredotočala na nastanek zvoka in s tem povezane aerodinamične parametre, ki nanj vplivajo. Na začetku sem opisala osnovne fizikalne pojme zakonitosti o zvoku, ki predstavljajo izhodišče za nadaljnje razumevanje zapletenih procesov pri nastanku in oblikovanju zvoka klarineta. Nato sem predstavila akustične značilnosti klarineta in ga natančneje umestila ter opredelila kot aerofono glasbilo. Na kratko sem se dotaknila pomembnih dejavnikov, ki imajo velik vpliv na oblikovanje zračnega toka – glavnega parametra ob nastanku zvoka pri klarinetu. Ti dejavniki so dihanje in drža, nastavek ter sproščenost. Z njimi omogočimo zraku potek skozi režo med jezičkom in ustnikom na klarinetu, kjer zvok pravzaprav nastane. V nadaljevanju sem podrobneje opisala, kako nastane stoječe valovanje zračnega stebra v cevi klarineta, ki ga vzbudi nihanje jezička ob ustniku. V osrednjem delu naloge me je zanimalo predvsem, kateri so tisti najpomembnejši aerodinamični parametri, na katere lahko vpliva klarinetist in kako se pri igranju spreminjajo ter kako vplivajo drug na drugega. Ta zapleten proces nastanka zvoka in potek zraka v ustniku klarineta sem poskusila preučiti ter podati razumljivo akustično sliko dogajanja pri tem. Na koncu sem poskusila še smiselno povezati fizikalna spoznanja z različnimi pedagoškimi in uporabniški izrazi, ki jih glasbeniki uporabljamo za doseganje barvno bogatega zvena, intonančne točnosti, lepih vezav ter drugih tehničnih in estetskih prvin, ki jih glasbeniki vztrajno poskušamo doseči.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: akustika klarineta, nihanje jezička, aerodinamični parametri, tlak pihanja, pretok zraka v ustniku
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: AG - Academy of Music
• Year: 2026
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-184209
• Publication date in RUL: 02.07.2026

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The influence of fundamental aerodynamic parameters on sound production and formation in the clarinet

Abstract

This master’s thesis explores the acoustics of the clarinet, with particular emphasis on the mechanisms of sound production and the aerodynamic parameters that influence it. The introductory section outlines the fundamental physical principles of sound, providing a conceptual framework for understanding the complex processes involved in the generation and shaping of the clarinet’s tone. This is followed by a presentation of the instrument’s acoustic characteristics and its classification as an aerophone. Key factors affecting the formation of the airflow, namely breathing and posture, embouchure, and relaxation of the musician, are briefly examined, as they play a crucial role in initiating sound production. These elements enable the airflow through the narrow opening between the reed and the mouthpiece, where sound is actually generated. The thesis then offers a more detailed account of how standing waves are established within the air column of the clarinet, excited by the oscillation of the reed against the mouthpiece. The central part of the study focuses on identifying the most significant aerodynamic parameters that clarinetists can control, analyzing how these parameters vary during performance and how they interact with one another. This complex process of sound production and airflow within the mouthpiece is examined in order to provide a clear and coherent acoustic interpretation. Finally, the thesis seeks to connect physical insights with pedagogical and practical terminology used by musicians, aiming to connect scientific understanding with the pursuit of a rich tonal palette, accurate intonation, smooth articulation, and other technical and aesthetic qualities central to clarinet performance.

• Keywords: clarinet acoustics, reed oscillation, aerodynamic parameters, blowing pressure, airflow in the mouthpiece