Srenje na Tolminskem v 19. stoletju: raba naravnih virov na skupnih zemljiščih med Zadlaščico in Kobiljo glavo : raba naravnih virov na skupnih zemljiščih med Zadlaščico in Kobiljo glavo

Grižnik, Klemen (author), Zwitter, Žiga (mentor)

Magistrsko delo na podlagi mikrozgodovinskega pristopa obravnava agrarno zgodovino srenjskih zemljišč, pripadajočih šestim vasem vzhodno od Tolmina v 19. stoletju. Za njihovo ekonomijo so bile tedaj ključnega pomena mlečne planine, mlečni izdelki pa pomemben vir hrane in dohodkov. Večina planin je bila del srenjske posesti, v katero so bili tedaj vključeni tudi vaški gozdovi in dolinske gmajne. Kolektivna zemlja je torej v predmoderni dobi obsegala mnogo večje površine kot danes. V nalogi obravnavam raba naravnih virov na tem tipu zemljišč in sporom, ki so jih sprožali konflikti interesov ob souporabi skupnih zemljišč. Pri ugotovitvah se opiram na raznovrstno arhivsko gradivo: predvsem spisovno in kartografsko gradivo franciscejskega katastra ter gradivo v družinskih fondih iz Tolminskega muzeja, na katerem temelji osrednje poglavje o pašnih sporih. Arhivske vire iz 19. stoletja sem dopolnil z etnografskimi terenskimi zapiski za širše območje iz sredine 20. stoletja, ki pripomorejo h retrogradnemu razumevanju rabe naravnih virov v obravnavanem času. Zbrani podatki kontekstualizirajo in nadgrajujejo zamegljeno izročilo o preteklih dogodkih, osvetljujejo značilnosti tedanjega časa ter vmesne spremembe. Magistrsko delo namreč obravnava predmarčna in pomarčna desetletja: čas sprememb in prilagajanja; čas odzivanja ter vztrajanja. Obravnavano obdobje sega od konca napoleonskih vojn vse do 70. let 19. stoletja, ko je na planini Razor začel delovati švicarski sirarski mojster Thomas Hitz. To je bil čas poznega fevdalizma in njegovega postopnega razkroja ter procesov zemljiške odveze in uravnavanja služnosti, kar je po letu 1848 poseglo v lastniško podobo pokrajine na predvečer modernizacije tolminskega mlekarstva.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: srenje, pašniki, gozd, zemljiški kataster, sodni zapisniki, Tolminsko, 19. stoletje, agrarna zgodovina.
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: FF - Faculty of Arts
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: K. Grižnik
• Year: 2026
• Number of pages: 120 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-184078
• UDC: 94(497.4Tolmin)"18"
• COBISS.SI-ID: 283152131
• Publication date in RUL: 26.06.2026

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Rural Communities in the Tolmin Region in the 19th Century: The Use of Common-Pool Resources between Zadlaščica and Kobilja Glava : magistrsko delo

Abstract

This master’s thesis, based on a microhistory approach, examines the agricultural history of the commons belonging to six villages east of Tolmin in the nineteenth century. At that time, dairy alps were of crucial importance to their economy, and dairy products were a significant source of food and income. Most of the alps were part of the commons, which at the time also included forests and low-altitude common pastures. Commons thus covered much larger areas in the premodern era than today. In this thesis, I examine the use of common-pool resources and the disputes arising from conflicts of interest to which the shared use of commons had led. My findings are based on a variety of archival materials, primarily written and cartographic sources from the early-nineteenth century Franciscan cadastre, and materials from family fonds kept by the Tolmin Museum on which the central chapter on grazing disputes is based. I have supplemented nineteenth-century archival sources with ethnographic field notes from the mid-20th century covering a broader region, which contribute to a retrospective understanding of the use of common-pool resources during the period under consideration. The collected data contextualize and improve our knowledge of the past that is reflected much less thoroughly in oral traditions. The collected archival data shed light on the characteristics of that era and the changes that occurred during the period under study. The master’s thesis examines the decades preceding and following the March Revolution of 1848: a time of change and adaptation; a time of reactions and perseverance. The period under consideration spans from the end of the Napoleonic Wars all the way to the 1870s, when the Swiss master cheesemaker Thomas Hitz started working in the Razor Alp. This was a period marked by late feudalism and its gradual decline, as well as by the processes of the land relief and the regulation of profits-a-prendre, which, after 1848, reshaped the ownership structure of the region on the eve of the modernization of the dairy production in the Tolmin Region.

• Keywords: rural communities, pastures, forest, land cadastre, court minutes, the Tolmin Region, 19th century, agrarian history.