The rapid growth of cities, the densification of built-up areas, and the increase in anthropogenic heat sources are worsening the microclimatic conditions in urban spaces. The intensification of the urban heat island and rising energy consumption are driving mitigation measures such as surface greening and increasing energy self-sufficiency, primarily by intervening on building walls and roofs. Recently, solutions that combine green walls and photovoltaic modules have been gaining ground. In this study, we used the ENVI‑met software to set up a three-dimensional model of a street canyon. We analysed the impact of greening and different photovoltaic module arrangements in various street canyon designs, specifically regarding the canyon's height‑to‑width ratio. Facade greening reduces pedestrian-level air temperature by up to 1.1 °C, mean radiant temperature by up to 9 °C, and the urban heat island by up to 1.2 °C. Although the integration of photovoltaic modules slightly worsens urban microclimatic conditions, the horizontal arrangement proves to be optimal. Due to ground shading, it lowers the mean radiant temperature, while at the same time achieving the highest annual electricity production (≈ 2,700 kWh), which represents two‑thirds of the energy needs of an average household. We confirmed that combining greening with PV modules is an effective strategy for improving microclimatic conditions and increasing energy self‑sufficiency in street canyons.
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