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VOT in the production of initial stops in isolated words by Slovenian speakers of English
ID Stopar, Andrej (Author)

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Abstract
This study examines Voice Onset Time (VOT) in word-initial stops produced by six Slovenian (L1) students of English (L2) with C1/C2-level proficiency. Using acoustic and linear mixed-model analysis, the research compares the production of these stops in both languages. The results confirm Slovenian as a lead (for /b d g/) vs short-lag language (for /p t k/). In their L2 English, the speakers establish new phonetic categories by lengthening VOT in voiceless stops, reflecting the acquisition of aspiration characteristic of English. In contrast, the voiced series shows strong L1 transfer, as the speakers largely retain prevoicing instead of achieving the target short-lag realizations. The findings of this exploratory study indicate that the L2 English system functions as an upward-shifted version of the L1 Slovenian system: while the acquisition of aspirated /p t k/ is supported, the Slovenian prevoiced /b d g/ remain resistant to change, even in highly proficient L2 English speakers.

Language:English
Keywords:voice onset time, VOT, L2 English, L1 Slovenian, transfer, stops, plosives
Work type:Article
Typology:1.01 - Original Scientific Article
Organization:FF - Faculty of Arts
Publication status:Published
Publication version:Version of Record
Year:2026
Number of pages:Str. 87-103
Numbering:Vol. 23, no. 1
PID:20.500.12556/RUL-183779 This link opens in a new window
UDC:811.111'243'342.2(497.4)
ISSN on article:1581-8918
DOI:10.4312/elope.23.1.87-103 This link opens in a new window
COBISS.SI-ID:281913347 This link opens in a new window
Publication date in RUL:24.06.2026
Views:256
Downloads:114
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Record is a part of a journal

Title:ELOPE : English language overseas perspectives and enquiries
Shortened title:ELOPE
Publisher:Slovensko društvo za angleške študije, Slovensko društvo za angleške študije, Znanstvena založba Filozofske fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani, Založba Univerze v Ljubljani
ISSN:1581-8918
COBISS.SI-ID:212890112 This link opens in a new window

Licences

License:CC BY-SA 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International
Link:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Description:This Creative Commons license is very similar to the regular Attribution license, but requires the release of all derivative works under this same license.

Secondary language

Language:Slovenian
Title:VOT pri produkciji začetnih zapornikov v izoliranih besedah pri slovenskih govorcih angleškega jezika
Abstract:
Študija preučuje čas do začetka zvenenja (ang. voice onset time, VOT) pri začetnih zapornikih, ki jih izgovarja šest slovenskih govork angleščine kot tujega jezika (L2) z znanjem na ravni odličnosti C1/C2. Z akustično analizo in statistično obdelavo z linearnimi mešanimi modeli raziskava primerja produkcijo teh glasov v obeh jezikih. Rezultati potrjujejo, da je slovenščina jezik s predzvenenjem pri /b d g/ in s kratkim zamikom zvenenja za /p t k/. V angleščini govorke vzpostavijo nove fonetične kategorije tako, da podaljšajo VOT pri nezvenečih zapornikih, kar odraža usvajanje aspiracije, značilne za angleščino. Nasprotno pa zveneči zaporniki kažejo izrazit transfer iz L1, saj govorke večinoma ohranijo predzvenenje namesto ciljne produkcije s kratkim zamikom zvenenja. Sistem angleščine kot L2 se v tej raziskovalni študiji kaže kot navzgor pomaknjena različica slovenščine kot L1: podpira usvajanje aspiriranih /p t k/, hkrati pa tudi pri govorkah z odličnim znanjem angleščine ohranja slovensko predzvenjenje pri /b d g/.

Keywords:čas do začetka zvenenja, VOT, angleščina kot L2, slovenščina kot L1, transfer, zaporniki

Projects

Funder:ARIS - Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency
Project number:P6-0218
Name:Teoretične in aplikativne raziskave jezikov: kontrastivni, sinhroni in diahroni vidiki

Funder:ARIS - Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency
Project number:J6-70213
Name:MAPCASE: določanje sklonskega ustroja v slovenščini in drugih jezikih

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  1. Measurements of VOT in the production of initial stops in English and Slovenian
  2. ELOPE

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