Impact of preparatory period artistic gymnastics training on aerobic performance in female gymnasts

Luptákova, Jana (author), Hamar, Dušan (author), Baisová, Karin (author), Azor, Stanislav (author), Kuriplachová, Ľudmila (author)

This study investigated the impact of specific gymnastic training on anaerobic capabilities in elite artistic gymnasts. Eight female gymnasts (16.0 ± 2.7 years) were compared to a control group of eight untrained peers (15.9 ± .4 years). Over a 4-month preparatory period, the gymnasts underwent training focused on strength, speed, and endurance development. Anaerobic performance was assessed before and after the intervention using the Wingate test, countermovement jumps (with and without arm swing), repeated vertical jumps (10- and 60-second series), and handstand jumps on a contact mat-based ergometer. Key performance indicators included peak and mean power output, fatigue index, jump height, and blood lactate concentration. Statistical analysis was conducted using Wilcoxon T-tests for within-group and Mann-Whitney U-tests for between-group comparisons. Post-training, the gymnasts demonstrated significant improvements (p ≤ .05) in jump height, power output, and fatigue resistance across multiple tests. The control group showed no significant changes, except for a minor increase in mean power output in the 60-second jump test. These findings suggest that targeted gymnastic training during the preparatory phase effectively enhances anaerobic capacity, potentially enabling gymnasts to perform more complex elements and improve overall competitive performance.

• Language: English
• Keywords: sport, anaerobic capacity, artistic gymnastics, gymnastics, female gymnasts, gymnastic training
• Work type: Article
• Typology: 1.01 - Original Scientific Article
• Organization: FŠ - Faculty of Sport
• Publication status: Published
• Publication version: Version of Record
• Year: 2025
• Number of pages: Str. 433-446, 509
• Numbering: Vol. 17, iss. 3
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-183723
• UDC: 796.41
• ISSN on article: 1855-7171
• DOI: 10.52165/sgj.17.3.433-446
• COBISS.SI-ID: 274242051

Copyright

Podatek o licenci CC BY-SA 4.0 je naveden na pristajalni strani članka (glej zgoraj izvorni URL). (Datum opombe: 19. 6. 2026)

Note

DOI, ki je naveden v članku (DOI 10.52165/sgj.17.3.433-446) ne deluje. Deluje DOI, ki je naveden na pristajalni strani članka (glej zgoraj izvorni URL), tj. DOI 10.52165/sgj.17.3.433-466 (https://doi.org/10.52165/sgj.17.3.433-466). (Datum opombe: 19. 6. 2026)

• Publication date in RUL: 19.06.2026

Record is a part of a journal

• Title: Science of gymnastics journal
• Publisher: University of Ljubljana Press, Slovenia (Založba Univerze v Ljubljani)
• ISSN: 1855-7171
• COBISS.SI-ID: 246418176

Licences

• License: CC BY-SA 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International
• Link: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
• Description: This Creative Commons license is very similar to the regular Attribution license, but requires the release of all derivative works under this same license.

Secondary language

• Language: Slovenian
• Title: Vpliv pripravljalnega obdobja vadbe orodne telovadbe na anaerobno zmogljivost pri telovadkah

Abstract

V raziskavi smo preučevali, kako posebna priprava vpliva na anaerobne sposobnosti vrhunskih telovadk v orodni telovadbi. Osem telovadk (16,0 ± 2,7 leta) smo primerjali s skupino osmih običajnih vrstnic (15,9 ± 0,4 leta). V štirimesečnem pripravljalnem obdobju so telovadke vadile z osredotočenostjo na moč, hitrost in vzdržljivost. Anaerobno zmogljivost smo pred in po vadbenem posegu ocenili z Wingateovim preizkusom, s skokom z nasprotnim gibanjem (z in brez zamaha rok), s ponavljajočimi se navpičnimi skoki (nizi po 10 in 60 sekund) ter z odrivi iz stoje na rokah na merilnem sistemu s kontaktno blazino. Glavni kazalniki so bili največja in povprečna moč, kazalnik utrujenosti, višina skoka ter delež mlečne kisline v krvi. Za primerjave znotraj skupin smo uporabili Wilcoxonov T-preizkus, za medskupinske pa Mann-Whitneyjev U-preizkus. Po vadbi so telovadke dosegle pomembna izboljšanja (p ≤ 0,05) pri višini skoka, izhodni moči in odporu proti utrujanju v več preizkusih. V primerjalni skupini ni bilo pomembnih sprememb, razen manjšega porasta povprečne moči v 60-sekundnem nizu skokov. Ugotovitve kažejo, da ciljno usmerjena telovadba v pripravljalnem obdobju učinkovito poveča anaerobno zmogljivost, kar lahko telovadkam omogoči izvedbo zahtevnejših prvin in boljši tekmovalni dosežek.

• Keywords: šport, gimnastika, anaerobna zmogljivost, orodna telovadba, telovadke, telovadba

Projects

• Funder: Slovak Republic, Ministry of Education, Research, Development and Youth, Scientific Grant Agency
• Project number: 1/0556/24
• Name: Changes of level of anaerobic capabilities in technical, aesthetic and contact sports after application general and specific training stimuli