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The effect of plyometric training on gymnasts : a systematic review and meta-analysis
ID Rodriguez-Redondo, Yeray (Author), ID Carlos-Vivas, Jorge (Author), ID Leon, Kiko (Author)

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Abstract
The jumping action plays a fundamental role in the performance of all gymnastics modalities, most of which are plyometric in nature. This is based on the stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) and leads to an improvement in the reactive capacity of the muscles involved. The objectives are (1) to review the state of the scientific literature on plyometric training in gymnasts; and (2) to identify which moderating variables are most important. A systematic review was carried out according to the PRISMA guidelines in the WoS, Scopus, PubMed and SportDiscus databases. Seventy-two papers were identified, with 54 remaining after removing duplicates. Finally, 10 papers that met the inclusion criteria were included, of which only 7 were used for meta-analysis. Review Manager 5.4 software was used. The effects of plyometric training on countermovement jump (CMJ) and drop jump (DJ), as well as the moderating variables of the training, were analysed. Plyometric training was applied to gymnasts aged 8.1 ± 0.7 to 13 ± 2 years. Training lasted at least 8 weeks (ME = 9.5) with 1 to 3 weekly sessions, typically 2. Session durations ranged from 7to 90 minutes, with 54to 278 jumps per session (Me = 175). Rest periods between sets were 15to 60 seconds, and between exercises, 1to 5 minutes. Protocols included bilateral and unilateral exercises, and short SSC exercises were combined with long SSC exercises. It is confirmed that plyometric training improves the performance of CMJ and DJ in gymnasts, with greater improvement observed in the latter. Subgroup analyses do not provide reliable results due to the small number of studies, although differences were found between surfaces and in the number of sets.

Language:English
Keywords:sport, plyometrics, jump, gymnastics, acrobatics, performance
Work type:Article
Typology:1.01 - Original Scientific Article
Organization:FŠ - Faculty of Sport
Publication status:Published
Publication version:Version of Record
Year:2025
Number of pages:Str. 397-420, 508
Numbering:Vol. 17, iss. 3
PID:20.500.12556/RUL-183721 This link opens in a new window
UDC:796.41
ISSN on article:1855-7171
DOI:10.52165/sgj.17.3.397-420 This link opens in a new window
COBISS.SI-ID:273068547 This link opens in a new window
Copyright:
Podatek o licenci CC BY-SA 4.0 je naveden na pristajalni strani članka (glej zgoraj izvorni URL). (Datum opombe: 19. 6. 2026)
Publication date in RUL:19.06.2026
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Record is a part of a journal

Title:Science of gymnastics journal
Publisher:Department of Gymnastics, Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, University of Ljubljana Press
ISSN:1855-7171
COBISS.SI-ID:246418176 This link opens in a new window

Licences

License:CC BY-SA 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International
Link:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Description:This Creative Commons license is very similar to the regular Attribution license, but requires the release of all derivative works under this same license.

Secondary language

Language:Slovenian
Title:Vpliv vadbe pliometrije na telovadce
Abstract:
Dejavnost odriva ima temeljno vlogo pri vseh zvrsteh telovadbe, večina teh dejanj pa je po naravi pliometričnih. Temeljijo na raztezno-skrčljivem ciklu (ang. Stretch shortening cycle – SSC) in izboljšujejo odzivno sposobnost vključenih mišic. Cilja sta bila: (1) pregledati stanje znanstvenih objav o uporabi pliometrične vadbe pri telovadcih in (2) preveriti, katere vplivne spremenljivke so najpomembnejše. Po vodilu PRISMA je bil opravljen pregled zbirk WoS, Scopus, PubMed in SportDiscus. Našli smo 72 prispevkov; po izločitvi dvojnikov jih je ostalo 54. Končno je merilo vključitve izpolnjevalo 10 del, od katerih je bilo 7 uporabljenih za meta-razčlenitev. Uporabljen je bil program Review Manager 5.4. Ocenili smo učinke pliometrične vadbe na skok z nasprotnim gibanjem (ang. Counter movement jump – CMJ) in skok v globino (ang drop jump – DJ) ter vplivne spremenljivke vadbe. Pliometrična vadba je bila uporabljena pri telovadcih, starih od 8,1 ± 0,7 do 13 ± 2 let. Trajala je najmanj 8 tednov (osrednja vrednost – mediana 9,5), z 1 do 3 tedenskimi vadbami, najpogosteje 2. Posamezna vadba je trajala 7–90 minut, opravljenih je bilo 54–278 skokov na vadbo (osrednja vrednost 175). Počitek med sklopi je trajal 15–60 sekund, med vajami 1–5 minut. Postopki so vključevali vaje z obema nogama in z eno nogo, kratke SSC pa so bile povezane z dolgimi SSC vajami. Potrjeno je, da pliometrična vadba izboljša dosežek pri CMJ in DJ, pri čemer je izboljšanje večje pri DJ. Razčlenitve po podskupinah ne dajejo zanesljivih sklepov zaradi majhnega števila del, so pa bile opažene razlike med podlagami in v številu sklopov.

Keywords:šport, gimnastika, pliometrija, skok, akrobatika, telovadba, nastop

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