Kriteriji za opredelitev gospodarskega spora : (magistrsko diplomsko delo)

Blagojević, Jelena (author), Pogorelčnik Vogrinc, Neža (mentor)

Magistrsko delo obravnava kriterije za opredelitev gospodarskih sporov po Zakonu o pravdnem postopku ter njihov pomen za pravilno uporabo procesnih pravil in zagotavljanje učinkovitega sodnega varstva. Delo izhaja iz ugotovitve, da pravilna procesna kvalifikacija spora ni zgolj formalno vprašanje, temveč bistveno vpliva na stvarno pristojnost sodišča, potek postopka in dostop do izrednega pravnega sredstva. Osrednji predmet analize so subjektivni in objektivni kriterij, kot ju urejajo določbe od 481. do 483. člena ZPP, ter njuna razlaga v sodni praksi. Subjektivni kriterij temelji na pravnem statusu strank, medtem ko objektivni kriterij opredeljuje gospodarsko naravo spora glede na njegovo vsebino oziroma materialnopravno razmerje, neodvisno od udeleženih subjektov. Naloga analizira tudi posebnosti pri samostojnih podjetnikih (pri katerih se uporablja kombinacija kriterijev), izjemah glede stvarnopravnih sporov ter koneksnih sporih v zvezi s stečajnim postopkom, pri katerem ima objektivni kriterij pogosto odločilno vlogo. Del raziskave je posvečen sosporništvu, ki je urejeno v 191. členu Zakona o pravdnem postopku in ki omogoča uporabo pravil gospodarskega postopka tudi za subjekte, ki sicer ne izpolnjujejo kriterijev gospodarskega spora. V tem kontekstu delo poudarja procesna tveganja, zlasti za fizične osebe, ki se lahko znajdejo v položaju stranke v gospodarskem sporu. Analiza sodne prakse kaže, da ima Vrhovno sodišče glavno vlogo pri poenotenju meril in zagotavljanju pravne varnosti. Delo zaključuje, da je sistem kriterijev za opredelitev gospodarskih sporov v ZPP v osnovi ustrezen, vendar zahteva visoko stopnjo strokovne presoje, zlasti v mejnih primerih. Pravilna uporaba kriterijev je bistvena za zakonitost postopka, varstvo pravic strank in zaupanje v sodni sistem.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: zakon o pravdnem postopku, opredelitev gospodarskega spora, subjektivni kriterij, objektivni kriterij, nepremičninske izjeme, izjema od nepremičninske izjeme, sosporništvo, materialnopravno jedro tožbenega zahtevka, razdružitev postopkov
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: PF - Faculty of Law
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: J. Blagojević
• Year: 2026
• Number of pages: 1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (46 str.))
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-183671
• UDC: 347.9:346.9
• COBISS.SI-ID: 284224771
• Publication date in RUL: 17.06.2026

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Criteria for Defining Commercial Disputes

Abstract

This master’s thesis examines the criteria for defining commercial disputes under the Slovenian Civil Procedure Act and their significance for the correct application of procedural rules and the provision of effective judicial protection. The thesis is based on the finding that the proper procedural qualification of a dispute is not merely a formal issue, but substantially affects the subject-matter jurisdiction of the court, the course of proceedings, and access to extraordinary legal remedies. The central subject of analysis are the subjective and objective criteria as regulated by Articles 481 to 483 of the Civil Procedure Act, as well as their interpretation in judicial practice. The subjective criterion is based on the legal status of the parties, whereas the objective criterion defines the commercial nature of a dispute according to its subject matter or substantive legal relationship, regardless of the status of the parties involved. The thesis also analyses specific issues relating to sole proprietors, for whom a combination of criteria is applied, exceptions concerning disputes involving property rights, and related disputes arising in connection with bankruptcy proceedings, where the objective criterion often plays a decisive role. Part of the research is dedicated to joinder of parties, regulated by Article 191 of the Civil Procedure Act, which allows the application of commercial litigation rules also to parties who would not independently meet the criteria of a commercial dispute. In this context, the thesis highlights procedural risks, particularly for natural persons who may find themselves in the position of a party to commercial litigation. The analysis of case law demonstrates that the Supreme Court plays a crucial role in harmonizing interpretative standards and ensuring legal certainty. The thesis concludes that the system of criteria for defining commercial disputes under the Civil Procedure Act is fundamentally appropriate, but requires a high level of professional legal assessment, particularly in borderline cases. The correct application of these criteria is essential for the legality of proceedings, protection of parties’ rights, and trust in the judicial system.

• Keywords: civil procedure act, definition of commercial disputes, subjective criterion, objective criterion, real property exceptions, exception to the real property exception, joinder of parties, substantive legal core of the claim, severance of proceedings