Introduction: Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common peripheral neuropathy caused by compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel. It represents an important health problem, as it causes pain, sensory and motor disturbances, and consequently reduced hand function, which may lead to decreased work ability. This thesis particularly highlights the prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome among nurses, whose profession involves frequent repetitive wrist movements. Purpose: This thesis aimed to review professional and scientific literature on the anatomy and pathophysiology of the carpal tunnel, clinical features, diagnostics, prevention, and treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome, with emphasis on its prevalence among nurses. Methods: A descriptive method was applied, with a review of literature in Slovenian and international databases (PubMed, Medline, Cinahl, Elsevier, Science Direct, COBISS, Google Scholar). The search was based on keywords in both Slovenian and English. The search, collection, and analysis of literature were conducted between July 2024 and August 2025. A total of 43 sources were included in the analysis. Results: A review of the literature indicates that carpal tunnel syndrome results from increased pressure within an anatomically confined osteofibrous space, leading to impaired microcirculation, demyelination, and, in advanced cases, axonal damage of the median nerve. Diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical tests, the Boston Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Questionnaire (BCTQ), and imaging and electrodiagnostic studies, with electrodiagnostic testing playing a key role in confirming the diagnosis and assessing the severity of nerve impairment. The literature further shows that carpal tunnel syndrome is particularly prevalent in occupations involving repetitive wrist movements, including nursing. International studies report a high prevalence of the syndrome among nurses, with age over 30 years, longer duration of employment, and unfavourable working postures identified as significant risk factors. In Slovenia, however, there is a noticeable lack of research in this field. The findings also emphasize the importance of ergonomic and organizational measures, as well as early intervention, to prevent disease progression. Treatment may be either conservative or surgical, depending on the severity of the condition. Discussion and conclusion: Carpal tunnel syndrome evidently has an enormous impact on the living standard and work capability of nurses. As the data for the Slovenian environment is lacking, a large-scale study would enable the development of suitable preventive and treatment measures.
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