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Vpliv elektrolitske sestave napitkov brez ogljikovih hidratov na rehidracijo po telesni obremenitvi: enojno slepa eksperimentalna navzkrižna študija pri enem preiskovancu
ID Draksler, Nejc (Author), ID Žiberna, Lovro (Mentor) More about this mentor... This link opens in a new window, ID Lamut, Andraž (Comentor)

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Abstract
Ustrezna hidracija je bistvenega pomena za ohranjanje telesne zmogljivosti, učinkovito regeneracijo po telesni aktivnosti in ohranjanje splošnega zdravja. Za namen hidracije se pri rekreativnih športnikih pogosto uporabljajo izotonični napitki, ki večinoma vsebujejo enostavne sladkorje. Prekomerna količina zaužitega sladkorja pri splošni populaciji hkrati predstavlja širok javnozdravstveni problem, ki je prepoznan kot dejavnik tveganja za razvoj debelosti, sladkorne bolezni in srčno-žilnih bolezni. Namen magistrske naloge je bil raziskati vpliv hidracijskih napitkov brez dodanih enostavnih sladkorjev oziroma drugih ogljikovih hidratov, vendar z različnimi koncentracijami natrijevih ionov, na rehidracijo po telesni aktivnosti. Izvedli smo enojno slepo, navzkrižno, pilotno raziskavo pri enem preiskovancu, ki je v petnajstih eksperimentalnih dneh po standardizirani telesni obremenitvi najprej dosegel dehidracijo v obsegu 1,5 – 2 % telesne mase, nato pa je v fazi rehidracije zaužil enega od petih različnih napitkov, in sicer placebo (voda z aromo) ter štiri napitke z različnimi koncentracijami natrijevih ionov (21 mmol/L, 26 mmol/L, 37 mmol/L in 52 mmol/L). Učinkovitost rehidracije smo ocenili na podlagi kumulativnega volumna izločenega urina po zaužitju napitkov, neto bilance izločene vode in natrija, specifične gostote urina in izračunane vrednosti indeksa hidracije napitkov (angl. beverage hydration index, BHI). Dodatno smo spremljali tudi variabilnost srčnega utripa (HRV) in subjektivne kazalce počutja. Rezultati so pokazali, da so napitki s koncentracijo natrija 37 mmol/L ali več v primerjavi s placebom v okviru ponovljenih meritev pri enem preiskovancu statistično značilno zmanjšali diurezo, zvišali BHI in povečali zadrževanje tekočine v telesu. Med napitkoma z 37 mmol/L in 52 mmol/L natrija nismo ugotovili bistvenih razlik glede BHI in kumulativnega volumna izločenega urina. Pri HRV nismo ugotovili statističnih razlik med napitki, zato ti kazalci niso omogočili jasnega razlikovanja med posameznimi rehidracijskimi pogoji. Ugotovitve magistrske naloge nakazujejo, da je lahko tudi rehidracija z napitki brez ogljikovih hidratov/sladkorjev učinkovita, če ti vsebujejo ustrezno koncentracijo elektrolitov, predvsem Na+. Zaradi pilotne narave raziskave in vključitve enega samega preiskovanca rezultatov ni mogoče neposredno posploševati, vendar predstavljajo uporabno izhodišče za nadaljnje raziskave na večjih vzorcih pri razumevanju hidracije brez sladkorjev in ogljikovih hidratov.

Language:Slovenian
Keywords:hidracija, dehidracija, natrij, telesna aktivnost, elektroliti, indeks hidracije napitkov, rehidracija brez ogljikovih hidratov
Work type:Master's thesis/paper
Typology:2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:FFA - Faculty of Pharmacy
Publisher:[N. Draksler]
Year:2026
PID:20.500.12556/RUL-183395 This link opens in a new window
UDC:616.151.1:796.035(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:281414403 This link opens in a new window
Publication date in RUL:12.06.2026
Views:204
Downloads:0
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Secondary language

Language:English
Title:Effect of carbohydrate-free hydration beverages’ electrolyte composition on post-exercise rehydration: a single-blind experimental crossover study in a single participant
Abstract:
Hydration plays a crucial role in maintaining physical performance, effective post-exercise recovery and overall health. For hydration purposes, recreational athletes often use isotonic beverages, which mostly contain simple sugars. At the same time, excessive sugar intake in the general population represents a widespread public health issue and is recognised as a risk factor for obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this Master’s thesis was to investigate the effects of hydration beverages without added simple sugars or other carbohydrates, but with varying sodium concentrations, on the rehydration process following physical activity. A single-blind pilot crossover study was conducted in one participant. Over fifteen experimental days, the participant underwent standardized exercise resulting in 1,5 – 2 % body-mass dehydration, followed by a rehydration phase with five different beverages with varying sodium concentrations (placebo, 26 mmol/L, 21 mmol/L, 37 mmol/L and 52 mmol/L). The effectiveness of rehydration was assessed using cumulative urine volume after beverage ingestion, net water and sodium balance, urine specific gravity, and the calculated beverage hydration index (BHI). Additionally, we monitored heart rate variability (HRV) and subjective well-being indicators. The results showed that beverages containing 37 mmol/L sodium or more significantly reduce diuresis, increases BHI and improve fluid retention compared to the placebo. No substantial differences in BHI or cumulative urine volume were observed between the beverages containing 37 mmol/L and 52 mmol/L sodium. No statistically significant differences in HRV were observed between the beverages. Therefore, HRV did not clearly differentiate between the rehydration conditions. The findings suggest that effective post-exercise rehydration can be achieved with carbohydrate- and sugar-free electrolyte beverages if they contain an adequate amount of sodium. Because of the pilot nature of the study and the inclusion of only one participant, the results cannot be directly generalised. However, they provide a useful basis for further research in larger samples and contribute to a better understanding of hydration without sugars and carbohydrates.

Keywords:hydration, dehydration, sodium, exercise, electrolytes, beverage hydration index, carbohydrate-free rehydration

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