Introduction: In the clinical setting, we encounter patients who require intravenous treatment on a daily basis. In such cases, the primary task of the healthcare staff is to establish appropriate intravenous access. In most cases, this involves the insertion of a peripheral venous cannula; however, when this method is not possible, we rely on the alternative method of intraosseous access. Purpose: The purpose of this diploma thesis was to examine the importance of intraosseous access and the role of nurses in establishing the intraosseous route. In addition, we aimed to investigate the differences between various vascular access methods regarding first-attempt success rates and the speed of insertion, as well as the level of knowledge, experience, and competence of healthcare professionals concerning intraosseous access. Methods: We used a descriptive method through a review of the literature. Literature and sources were searched within the publication period from 2016 to 2026. We searched in databases such as Science Direct, Google Scholar, and PubMed, in the CINAHL database, in the MEDLINE bibliographic collection, and in the library of the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana. Results: We found that intraosseous access is a suitable alternative when intravenous access cannot be established. Its implementation is significantly faster and more successful compared to other vascular access methods; however, it is still rarely used. The reasons for this are most likely insufficient education of healthcare personnel and a lack of clinical experience. We also found that nurses play an important role in performing the procedure. In particular, rapid patient assessment and recognition of situations requiring intraosseous access are essential. Discussion and conclusion: Based on the literature review, we concluded that intraosseous access is an effective and reliable alternative in cases of difficult or unsuccessful intravenous access establishment. We found that intraosseous access has a high first-attempt success rate and enables rapid vascular access establishment compared to peripheral intravenous cannulation and central venous catheterization. Nurses play an important role in establishing intraosseous access, participating in patient assessment, preparation of equipment, procedure implementation, and monitoring for potential complications. There is still insufficient research on intraosseous access to determine which vascular access method is the most appropriate. Furthermore, we found that nurses are insufficiently educated about the use of intraosseous access, as demonstrated by the reviewed studies.
Introduction: In the clinical setting, we encounter patients who require intravenous treatment on a daily basis. In such cases, the primary task of the healthcare staff is to establish appropriate intravenous access. In most cases, this involves the insertion of a peripheral venous cannula; however, when this method is not possible, we rely on the alternative method of intraosseous access. Purpose: The purpose of this diploma thesis was to examine the importance of intraosseous access and the role of nurses in establishing the intraosseous route. In addition, we aimed to investigate the differences between various vascular access methods regarding first-attempt success rates and the speed of insertion, as well as the level of knowledge, experience, and competence of healthcare professionals concerning intraosseous access. Methods: We used a descriptive method through a review of the literature. Literature and sources were searched within the publication period from 2016 to 2026. We searched in databases such as Science Direct, Google Scholar, and PubMed, in the CINAHL database, in the MEDLINE bibliographic collection, and in the library of the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana. Results: We found that intraosseous access is a suitable alternative when intravenous access cannot be established. Its implementation is significantly faster and more successful compared to other vascular access methods; however, it is still rarely used. The reasons for this are most likely insufficient education of healthcare personnel and a lack of clinical experience. We also found that nurses play an important role in performing the procedure. In particular, rapid patient assessment and recognition of situations requiring intraosseous access are essential. Discussion and conclusion: Based on the literature review, we concluded that intraosseous access is an effective and reliable alternative in cases of difficult or unsuccessful intravenous access establishment. We found that intraosseous access has a high first-attempt success rate and enables rapid vascular access establishment compared to peripheral intravenous cannulation and central venous catheterization. Nurses play an important role in establishing intraosseous access, participating in patient assessment, preparation of equipment, procedure implementation, and monitoring for potential complications. There is still insufficient research on intraosseous access to determine which vascular access method is the most appropriate. Furthermore, we found that nurses are insufficiently educated about the use of intraosseous access, as demonstrated by the reviewed studies.
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