Etiologija endometrioze ter vpliv na reproduktivno funkcijo in potek nosečnosti

Baznik, Mateja (author), Kovačević, Nina (mentor), Merlo, Sebastjan (comentor)

Uvod: Endometrioza je kronična ginekološka bolezen, ki se pojavlja v različnih oblikah in se zdravi kirurško ali hormonsko. Pomembno vpliva na reproduktivno funkcijo žensk, saj je povezana z motnjami ovulacije ter motnjami v sproščanju jajčnih celic. Poleg vpliva na plodnost endometrioza vpliva tudi na potek nosečnosti ter predstavlja večje tveganje za spontani splav, prezgodnji porod, preeklampsijo in predležečo posteljico. Zaradi kompleksnosti bolezni endometrioza še vedno predstavlja velik zdravstveni izziv. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je raziskati vzroke za nastanek endometrioze ter njen vpliv na reproduktivno funkcijo žensk. Metode dela: Izveden je bil sistematični pregled literature, iskalno strategijo smo prikazali v diagramu PRISMA. Vire smo pridobili iz podatkovnih baz PubMed, ScienceDirect in Google Scholar. Rezultati: V končno analizo je bilo vključenih 13 virov. Rezultati kažejo, da endometrioza vpliva na plodnost na več ravneh. Pri ženskah z endometriozo je tveganje za neplodnost približno dvakrat večje v primerjavi z ženskami brez endometrioze. Pogosto je povezana tudi z zmanjšanim številom pridobljenih jajčnih celic v postopkih oploditve z biomedicinsko pomočjo. Raziskave navajajo, da operativno zdravljenje endometrioze pri določenih ženskah lahko izboljša možnost spontane zanositve. Kljub temu endometrioza praviloma ne vpliva na uspešnost postopkov oploditve z biomedicinsko pomočjo, vendar je lahko implantacija zarodka pri teh ženskah slabša. Po uspešni zanositvi je pri ženskah z endometriozo ugotovljeno povečano tveganje za zaplete v nosečnosti, vključno s spontanim splavom, prezgodnjim porodom, zapleti s posteljico, prezgodnjim razpokom plodovih ovojev, hipertenzivnimi motnjami v nosečnosti ter rojstvom ploda, ki je premajhen za svojo gestacijsko starost. Razprava in zaključek: Endometrioza predstavlja dejavnike tveganja za neugodne reproduktivne izide. Pomembno je prepoznavanje endometrioze ter ustrezno svetovanje in skrbno spremljanje žensk z endometriozo v času nosečnosti.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: endometrioza, plodnost, neplodnost, reproduktivna funkcija, potek nosečnosti
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Year: 2026
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-182557
• Publication date in RUL: 16.05.2026

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The etiology of endometriosis and its impact on reproductive function and pregnancy

Abstract

Introduction: Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological disease that presents in various forms and is treated with surgery or hormonal therapy. It significantly affects women’s reproductive function, as it is associated with ovulatory disorders and impaired oocyte release. In addition to its impact on fertility, endometriosis also affects pregnancy and is associated with an increased risk of miscarriage, preterm birth, preeclampsia, and placenta previa. Due to its complexity, endometriosis remains a major health challenge. Purpose: The purpose of the thesis is to research and comprehensively analyze the causes of endometriosis and its impact on women's reproductive function. Methods: Sources were obtained from the PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar databases. A systematic literature review was conducted according to the PRISMA method and included 13 scientific articles. Results: A total of 13 sources were included in the literature review. The results indicate that endometriosis affects fertility on multiple levels. In women with endometriosis, the risk of infertility is approximately twice as high as in women without endometriosis, and it is often associated with a reduced number of retrieved oocytes in assisted reproductive technology procedures. Studies report that surgical treatment of endometriosis may improve the chances of spontaneous conception in some women. Nevertheless, endometriosis generally does not affect the success rates of ART procedures, although embryo implantation may be poorer in these women. After successful conception, women with endometriosis have an increased risk of pregnancy complications, including miscarriage, preterm birth, placental complications, premature rupture of membranes, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and the birth of a fetus that is small for gestational age. Discussion and conclusion: Endometriosis is a risk factor for adverse reproductive outcomes. Early recognition, appropriate counseling, and careful monitoring of women with endometriosis during pregnancy are essential.

• Keywords: endometriosis, fertility, infertility, reproductive function, course of pregnancy