Analiza razširjenosti uporabe prepovedanih snovi v športu med obiskovalci fitnes centrov v Sloveniji

Jeraj, Eva (author), Žiberna, Lovro (mentor), Kajtna, Tanja (comentor)

Uporaba prepovedanih snovi v športu med obiskovalci fitnes centrov predstavlja pomemben javnozdravstveni problem, saj je povezana z željo po izboljšanju telesne zmogljivosti, telesnega videza in hitrejšem doseganju vadbenih ciljev. V tem okolju so posamezniki pogosto izpostavljeni tudi uporabi prehranskih dopolnil, zdravil in drugih sredstev za izboljšanje videza in/ali učinka vadbe. Cilj raziskave je bil ovrednotiti razširjenost uporabe prepovedanih snovi, prehranskih dopolnil in zdravil med obiskovalci fitnes centrov po Sloveniji. Z uporabo vprašalnika smo pridobili podatke o uporabi teh snovi in analizirali njihove povezave s spolom, starostjo, izobrazbo ter drugimi izbranimi dejavniki. Poleg tega smo želeli opredeliti napovedne dejavnike, povezane z odločitvijo za uporabo prepovedanih snovi. Rezultati raziskave so pokazali, da je 24,5 % sodelujočih prepovedane snovi uporabilo vsaj enkrat v življenju, 14,8 % pa v zadnjem letu. Uporaba prepovedanih snovi je bila najpogosteje povezana z željo po izboljšanju telesnih zmogljivosti (72,2 %) in telesnega videza (61,7 %). Predhodna uporaba prehranskih dopolnil je bila povezana z 2,5-krat večjimi obeti za uporabo prepovedanih snovi. Redna uporaba zdravil dostopnih brez recepta z namenom izboljšanja učinkov vadbe in/ali izboljšanje telesnega izgleda, je bila povezana s štirikrat večjimi obeti za uporabo prepovedanih snovi v primerjavi s posamezniki, ki takih zdravil niso uporabljali. Pomemben dejavnik je predstavljalo tudi socialno okolje, saj so bili pri posameznikih, ki so poznali več drugih uporabnikov, obeti za uporabo prepovedanih snovi približno petkrat večji. Tudi pogostejše razmišljanje o uporabi je močno povečalo (do 30-krat) obete za uporabo prepovedanih snovi. Rezultati naše raziskave nam dajejo vpogled v razširjenost uporabe prepovedanih snovi v fitnes centrih po Sloveniji ter opozarjajo na potrebo po dodatnem izobraževanju, preventivnih ukrepih in ozaveščanju o negativnih posledicah nepremišljenega jemanja zdravil in prepovedanih snovi z zdravstvenimi tveganji in škodljivimi posledicami za zdravje.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: prepovedane snovi v športu, doping, rekreativni športniki, fitnes, zloraba zdravil, prehranska dopolnila
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: FFA - Faculty of Pharmacy
• Publisher: [E. Jeraj]
• Year: 2026
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-182444
• UDC: 615.9:796.015.132(497.4)(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 278061827
• Publication date in RUL: 12.05.2026

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Prevalence analysis of the use of prohibited substances in sport among fitness center visitors in Slovenia

Abstract

The use of prohibited substances in sport among fitness center attendees represents an important public health issue, as it is associated with the desire to improve physical performance, physical appearance, and to achieve training goals more rapidly. In this setting, individuals are also often exposed to the use of dietary supplements, medicinal products, and other agents intended to enhance appearance and/or exercise performance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of the use of prohibited substances, dietary supplements, and medicinal products among fitness center attendees across Slovenia. Using a questionnaire, we collected data on the use of these substances and analyzed their associations with sex, age, education level, and other selected factors. In addition, we aimed to identify predictive factors associated with the decision to use prohibited substances. The results showed that 24.5% of participants had used prohibited substances at least once in their lifetime, while 14.8% had used them within the previous year. The use of prohibited substances was most associated with the desire to improve physical performance (72.2%) and physical appearance (61.7%). Prior use of dietary supplements was associated with 2.5-fold higher odds of prohibited substance use. Regular use of over-the-counter medicinal products for the purpose of improving exercise performance and/or physical appearance was associated with fourfold higher odds of prohibited substance use compared with individuals who did not use such products. The social environment also represented an important factor, as individuals who knew a greater number of other users had approximately fivefold higher odds of using prohibited substances. More frequent consideration of use was likewise strongly associated with higher odds of prohibited substance use, in some cases by as much as 30-fold. The findings of this study provide insight into the prevalence of prohibited substance use among fitness center attendees in Slovenia and highlight the need for additional education, preventive measures, and awareness-raising regarding the health risks and harmful consequences associated with the imprudent use of medicinal products and prohibited substances.

• Keywords: prohibited substances in sport, doping, recreational athletes, fitness, misuse of medicinal products, dietary supplements