Razširjenost motnje pozornosti s hiperaktivnostjo pri otrocih, mladostnikih in odraslih

Popit, Sara (author), Štuhec, Matej (mentor), Locatelli, Igor (comentor)

Motnja pozornosti s hiperaktivnostjo (ADHD) predstavlja eno najpogostejših duševnih motenj pri otrocih in mladostnikih, ter pogosto vztraja v odraslost. Za načrtovanje javnozdravstvenih ukrepov so ključne zanesljive ocene razširjenosti (prevalence), vendar je kakovostnih podatkov trenutno malo. Namen disertacije je bil pripraviti celovit, kritičen sistematični pregled in metaanalize razširjenosti ADHD po starostnih skupinah in regijah ter oceniti vpliv metodologije na ocene razširjenosti. Izvedli smo serijo sistematičnih pregledov z metaanalizami razširjenosti ADHD pri otrocih, mladostnikih in odraslih v evropskih državah ter drugih delih sveta. Vključili smo opazovalne, presečne in klinične raziskave splošne populacije s klinično potrjeno diagnozo ADHD, opredeljeno po kriterijih MKB ali DSM. Analize smo izvedli v okolju R. Tveganje pristranosti smo ocenili z nadgrajenim orodjem JBI. V prvi pregled je bilo vključenih 117 raziskav, v metaanalizo 103. Ocenjena povprečna razširjenost se je razlikovala po zasnovi: raziskave iz zbirk podatkov 1,6 % (95 % IZ: 0,9–3,0), anketne raziskave 5,0 % (2,9–8,6), enostopenjske klinične 4,2 % (2,9–6,0) in dvostopenjske klinične 4,8 % (4,0–5,8); heterogenost je bila visoka. Časovni trendi so pokazali višje ocene v dvostopenjskih kliničnih raziskavah predšolskih otrok pred 2010 ter višje ocene po 2010 v enostopenjskih kliničnih in anketnih raziskavah pri šolskih otrocih ter v raziskavah iz zbirk podatkov pri odraslih. V drugi pregled je bilo vključenih 12 raziskav, ki so poročale razširjenost z zdravili zdravljenih posameznikov s klinično potrjeno diagnozo ADHD. Med študijami s starostno specifičnimi podatki je bila združena prevalenca 65,8 %, ob izjemno visoki heterogenosti. Prevalenca se je razlikovala glede na starost in naraščala od predšolskih otrok (20,4 %) do šoloobveznih otrok (77,8 %), mladostnikov (77,5 %) in odraslih (82,6 %). Ob vključitvi vseh študij je bila združena prevalenca 73,4 % (95 % IZ: 63,4–81,5), ponovno ob visoki heterogenosti. Rezultati poudarjajo pomemben vpliv metodologije, diagnostičnih kriterijev in virov podatkov na ocene razširjenosti ADHD.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: motnja pozornosti s hiperaktivnostjo (ADHD), epidemiologija, razširjenost, sistematični pregled, metaanaliza, metodološka kakovost, orodje za vrednotenje kakovosti raziskav, povprečna razširjenost z zdravili zdravljene ADHD
• Work type: Doctoral dissertation
• Typology: 2.08 - Doctoral Dissertation
• Organization: FFA - Faculty of Pharmacy
• Publisher: [S. Popit]
• Year: 2026
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-182400
• UDC: 616.89-008.47(043.3)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 277675523
• Publication date in RUL: 10.05.2026

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children, Adolescents and Adults

Abstract

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most prevalent mental disorders in children and adolescents, persisting into adulthood in approximately half of cases. While reliable prevalence estimates are essential for planning public health interventions, high-quality data remain scarce. This dissertation provides a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analyses of ADHD prevalence across age groups and regions, assessing the impact of methodology on prevalence estimates. We conducted a series of systematic reviews with meta-analyses of ADHD prevalence in Europe and worldwide, including observational, cross-sectional, and clinical studies of the general population with a clinically confirmed diagnosis of ADHD defined according to ICD or DSM criteria. Analyses were performed in the R environment. Risk of bias was assessed using an upgraded JBI tool. The first systematic review identified 117 studies, with 103 were included in the final meta-analysis. Estimated pooled prevalence differed substantially by study design: register studies 1.6% (95% CI: 0.9–3.0), survey-based studies 5.0% (95% CI: 2.9–8.6), one-stage clinical studies 4.2% (95% CI: 2.9–6.0), and two-stage clinical studies 4.8% (95% CI: 4.0–5.8). Heterogeneity was high across all analyses. Temporal analyses showed higher prevalence estimates in two-stage clinical studies of preschool children before 2010, and higher estimates after 2010 in one-stage clinical and survey-based studies among school-aged children, as well as in register studies among adults. The second systematic review included 12 studies reporting the prevalence of pharmacologically treated ADHD. Across studies reporting age-specific data, the pooled prevalence was 65.8%, with extremely high heterogeneity. Prevalence varied by age, increasing from preschool children (20.4%) to school-aged children (77.8%), adolescents (77.5%), and adults (82.6%). Including all studies, the pooled prevalence was 73.4% (95% CI: 63.4–81.5), again with substantial heterogeneity. These findings highlight the substantial influence of methodological approaches, diagnostic criteria, and data sources on ADHD prevalence rates.

• Keywords: attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), epidemiology, prevalence, systematic review, meta-analysis, methodological quality, critical appraisal tool, pharmacologically treated ADHD