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Evidence-based strategies for promoting student inclusion in urban and rural schools in Kosovo
ID Bunjaku-Isufi, Mirlinda (Author)

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Abstract
Ensuring the inclusion of students from diverse socioeconomic and geographical backgrounds, particularly with regard to the differences between urban and rural schools, remains a persistent challenge in Kosovo’s education system. Rather than evaluating specific interventions, the present study examines teachers’ and students’ perceptions of evidence-based strategies that support inclusion. Using a mixed-methods design, the research integrates quantitative and qualitative data to explore how practices such as differentiated instruction, formative assessment, collaborative planning and family engagement are understood and implemented in contrasting school contexts. The sample consists of 100 teachers and school leaders and 100 students aged 10–12 from both urban and rural areas. Semi-structured interviews with educators provide insights into their experiences with inclusive practices, while survey data from teachers and students capture their perceptions of inclusion, classroom climate, and the frequency and perceived usefulness of specific strategies. Thematic analy-sis was used for the qualitative data, while quantitative analyses, including correlations, regression and ANOVA, were undertaken to compare patterns across school settings. The findings highlight notable differences in how inclusion-supportive practices are implemented across urban and rural contexts, and reveal that professional development, school leadership support and collaborative planning are central factors shaping perceived inclusion. The study offers context-sensitive recommendations for strengthening inclusive education and promoting greater equity across Kosovo’s schools.

Language:English
Keywords:educational equity, evidence-based strategies, student inclu-sion, student outcomes, urban-rural disparities
Work type:Article
Typology:1.01 - Original Scientific Article
Organization:PEF - Faculty of Education
Publication status:Published
Publication version:Version of Record
Year:2026
Number of pages:Str. 59-79
Numbering:Vol. 16, no. 1
PID:20.500.12556/RUL-181452 This link opens in a new window
UDC:376
ISSN on article:2232-2647
DOI:10.26529/cepsj.2177 This link opens in a new window
COBISS.SI-ID:274033923 This link opens in a new window
Publication date in RUL:08.04.2026
Views:156
Downloads:46
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Record is a part of a journal

Title:CEPS Journal: Center for Educational Policy Studies Journal = revija Centra za študij edukacijskih strategij
Publisher:Pedagoška fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani
ISSN:2232-2647
COBISS.SI-ID:254029824 This link opens in a new window

Licences

License:CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Link:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Description:This is the standard Creative Commons license that gives others maximum freedom to do what they want with the work as long as they credit the author.

Secondary language

Language:Slovenian
Title:Na dokazih utemeljene strategije za spodbujanje inkluzije učencev v mestnih in podeželskih šolah na Kosovu
Abstract:
Zagotavljanje inkluzije učencev iz različnih družbenoekonomskih in zemljepisnih okolij, zlasti glede na razlike med mestnimi in podeželskimi šolami, ostaja nenehen izziv v kosovskem vzgojno-izobraževalnem sistemu. Namesto da bi ocenjevala posamezne ukrepe, ta študija preučuje zaznave učiteljev in učencev o na dokazih utemeljenih strategijah, ki podpirajo inkluzijo. Z uporabo mešane metode raziskava združuje kvantitativne in kvalitativne podatke, da bi ugotovila, kako se prakse, kot so: diferencirano poučevanje, formativno ocenjevanje, sodelovalno načrtovanje in vključevanje družine, razumejo in izvajajo v raznolikih šolskih kontekstih. Vzorec sestavlja 100 učiteljev in ravnateljev ter 100 učencev, starih od 10 do 12 let, iz mestnega in podeželskega območja. Polstrukturirani intervjuji z izobraževalci ponujajo vpogled v njihove izkušnje z inkluzivnimi praksami, medtem ko podatki iz ankete med učitelji in učenci zajemajo njihove zaznave o inkluziji, vzdušju v razredu ter o pogostosti in zaznani uporabnosti posameznih strategij. Za kvalitativne podatke je bila uporabljena tematska analiza, medtem ko so bile za primerjavo vzorcev v različnih šolskih okoljih izvedene kvantitativne analize, vključno s korelacijami, z regresijo in analizo variance (ANOVA). Ugotovitve poudarjajo opazne razlike v načinu izvajanja dejavnosti, ki spodbujajo inkluzijo, med mestnim in podeželskim okoljem ter kažejo, da so strokovni razvoj, podpora vodstva šole in sodelovalno načrtovanje ključni dejavniki, ki oblikujejo zaznave o inkluziji. Študija ponuja za kontekst prilagojena priporočila za krepitev inkluzivne vzgoje in izobraževanja ter za spodbujanje večje enakosti v kosovskih šolah.

Keywords:enakost v izobraževanju, na dokazih utemeljene strategije, inkluzija učencev, učni izidi pri učencih, razlike med mestom in podeželjem, inkluzivna vzgoja in izobraževanje

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