Ocena izbranih gibalnih sposobnosti otrok z Downovim sindromom, starih od sedem do 16 let : diplomsko delo

Mukenauer, Saloma (author), Tomc Žargi, Tina (mentor), Jakovljević, Miroljub (reviewer)

Uvod: Downov sindrom je najpogostejša kromosomska motnja, ki jo povzroča prisotnost dodatnega kromosoma 21. Otroci z Downovim sindromom izkazujejo veliko medosebno variabilnost v gibalnih sposobnostih in se pogosto soočajo z motnjami v gibalnem razvoju, ki se kažejo v slabšem ravnotežju, zmanjšani koordinaciji, omejeni spretnosti rok in težavah pri izvajanju vsakodnevnih dejavnosti. Dejavniki, kot so hipotonija, zmanjšana mišična zmogljivost in ohlapnost vezi, dodatno pogojujejo gibalni razvoj. Prav zato je sistematično spremljanje gibalnega razvoja nujno potrebno za načrtovanje fizioterapevtskih intervencij. Namen: V diplomskem delu smo želeli oceniti gibalne sposobnosti otrok z DS s pomočjo Baterije za oceno otrokovega gibanja 2, krajše ABC gibanja 2. Metode dela: V raziskavo je bilo vključenih 13 otrok z DS, starih med 7 in 16 let. Gibalne sposobnosti smo ocenili s standardiziranim testom ABC gibanja 2, ki obsega področja spretnosti rok, ciljanja in lovljenja ter ravnotežja. Podatke o telesni dejavnosti smo pridobili s pomočjo vprašalnika za starše. Statistična analiza je bila izvedena s programom SPSS. Uporabili smo neparametrične statistične teste, in sicer Friedmanov test, Wilcoxonov test ter Mann-Whitneyjev test. Meja statistične značilnosti je bila določena pri p < 0,05. Rezultati: Otroci z Downovim sindromom so na testu ABC gibanja 2 dosegli najnižje rezultate pri spretnosti rok in najvišje pri ciljanju ter lovljenju. V primerjavi z normativnimi vrednostmi so otroci z DS dosegli statistično značilno nižje rezultate na vseh področjih testa in pri skupnem dosežku. Razlike glede na spol, stopnjo motnje v duševnem razvoju, telesno dejavnost in vključenost v fizioterapijo niso bile statistično značilne. Razprava in zaključek: Rezultati potrjujejo prisotnost izrazitejših gibalnih primanjkljajev pri otrocih z DS v primerjavi z normativno populacijo, zlasti na področju spretnosti rok. Nadaljnje raziskave z večjim vzorcem so potrebne za poglobljeno razumevanje dejavnikov, ki vplivajo na gibalni razvoj otrok z DS.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, fizioterapija, Downov sindrom, gibalne sposobnosti, ABC gibanja 2, telesna dejavnost
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [S. Mukenauer]
• Year: 2026
• Number of pages: 38 str., [4] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-181366
• UDC: 615.8
• COBISS.SI-ID: 274105859
• Publication date in RUL: 03.04.2026

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Assessment of selected motor skills in children with Down syndrome aged 7 to 16 years : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal abnormality caused by the presence of an additional copy of chromosome 21. Children with Down syndrome show considerable interindividual variability in motor abilities and often experience motor development impairments, manifested as impairments of postural control, reduced coordination, limited manual dexterity, and difficulties performing activities of daily living. Factors such as hypotonia, reduced muscle performance, and ligament laxity further influence motor development. Therefore, systematic monitoring of motor development is essential for interventions implemented by physiotherapists. Purpose: The aim of this thesis was to assess the motor abilities of children with Down syndrome using the Movement ABC-2 test. Methods: The study included 13 children with Down syndrome aged between 7 and 16 years. Motor abilities were assessed using the standardized Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2, which evaluates manual dexterity, aiming and catching, and balance. Data on physical activity were obtained using a parent questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. Non-parametric statistical tests were applied, including the Friedman test, Wilcoxon test, and Mann–Whitney U test. The level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Children with Down syndrome achieved the lowest scores in manual dexterity and the highest scores in aiming and catching on the Movement ABC-2 test. Compared with normative values, children with Down syndrome demonstrated significantly lower scores across all test domains and in the total score. Differences according to sex, level of intellectual disability, physical activity, and participation in physiotherapy were not statistically significant. Discussion and conclusion: The results confirm the presence of more pronounced motor deficits in children with Down syndrome compared with the normative population, particularly in the domain of manual dexterity. Further research with a larger sample size is needed to better understand the factors influencing the motor development of children with Down syndrome.

• Keywords: diploma theses, physiotherapy, Down syndrome, motor abilities, Movement ABC-2, physical activity