Merske lastnosti testov ravnotežja pri torziji vratu : magistrsko delo

Skoliber, Melinda (author), Majcen Rošker, Živa (mentor), Lužnik, Izabela (comentor)

Namen magistrske naloge je bil oceniti znotrajobiskovno in medobiskovno ponovljivost ter občutljivost testov statičnega ravnotežja pri nalogah z in brez torzije vratu pri asimptomatskih posameznikih ter osebah z nespecifično kronično bolečino v vratu. V raziskavo je bilo vključenih 67 merjencev, starih med 20 in 64 let. Razdeljeni so bili v kontrolno oziroma asimptomatsko (n = 35) in eksperimentalno oziroma simptomatsko skupino (n = 32). Merjenci so meritve izvajali v kineziološkem laboratoriju na plošči za merjenje sil na podlago. Ravnotežje smo ocenjavali z analizo gibanja središča pritiska (COP) v paralelni stoji, tandemski stoji ter paralelni stoji na nestabilni podlagi, pri čemer smo vse naloge izvedli v nevtralnem položaju glave ter s torzijo vratu. Analizirali smo hitrostne, amplitudne in frekvenčne parametre COP v anteriorno- posteriorni in medialno-lateralni smeri. Rezultati so pokazali, da je bila znotrajobiskovna ponovljivost večine parametrov dobra do odlična v obeh skupinah, pri čemer so se hitrostni parametri izkazali za najbolj stabilne. Frekvenčni parametri so bili manj ponovljivi, zlasti v zahtevnejših nalogah. Medtem je analiza rezultatov medobiskovne ponovljivosti pokazala slabše vrednosti parametrov testov statičnega ravnotežja. V večini testnih pogojev pri obeh skupinah je bila medobiskovna ponovljivost nizka do zmerna. Izjemo dobre do odlične ponovljivosti so predstavljali hitrostni parametri. Pri analiziranju občutljivosti je večina parametrov dosegla nizko diskriminativno moč. Naloge, ki vključujejo torzijo vratu ali stojo na nestabilni podlagi, niso pokazale bistveno večje občutljivosti, kljub temu da predstavljajo večjo senzomotorično zahtevo. Ugotovitve kažejo, da so laboratorijske meritve COP zanesljivo in primerno orodje za ocenjevanje statičnega ravnotežja, vendar bi glede na dobljene podatke bilo smiselno nadaljnje poglobljeno preučevanje ponovljivosti merskih postopkov, ki se uporabljajo pri ocenjevanju ravnotežja. Posebno pozornost bi bilo smiselno nameniti metodam, ki omogočajo zajem bolj občutljivih ravnotežnih parametrov ter nalogam, ki zahtevajo večjo senzomotorično integracijo. Nadaljnje raziskave bi tako lahko prispevale k optimizaciji merilnih protokolov in k razvoju še natančnejših diagnostičnih pristopov, ki omogočajo natančno zaznavanje sprememb v posturalni kontroli, kar je ključno tako v raziskovalnem kot v kliničnem okolju.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: nespecifična kronična bolečina v vratu, ravnotežje, torzija vratu, medobiskovna ponovljivost, znotrajobiskovna ponovljivost, občutljivost testa, center pritiska (COP)
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: FŠ - Faculty of Sport
• Year: 2026
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-181340
• COBISS.SI-ID: 275434243
• Publication date in RUL: 02.04.2026

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Measurement properties of balance tests during neck torsion

Abstract

The aim of this master’s thesis was to evaluate the within-session and between-session repeatability, as well as the sensitivity of static balance tests performed with and without neck torsion in asymptomatic individuals and those with nonspecific chronic neck pain. A total of 67 participants aged between 20 and 64 years were included in the study. They were divided into a control (asymptomatic; n = 35) and an experimental (symptomatic; n = 32) group. All measurements were conducted in a kinesiology laboratory using a force plate. Balance was assessed through center of pressure (COP) analysis during parallel stance, tandem stance and parallel stance on an unstable surface, with each task performed in a neutral head position and with neck torsion. Speed, amplitude and frequency-related COP parameters were analyzed in both the anterior–posterior and medial–lateral directions. The results showed that within-session repeatability of most parameters was good to excellent in both groups, with speed-related parameters demonstrating the highest stability. Frequency- related parameters showed lower repeatability, particularly in more demanding tasks. In contrast, between-session repeatability was weaker, with most parameters demonstrating low to moderate repeatability across test conditions in both groups. Exceptions were speed-related parameters, which achieved good to excellent repeatability. Sensitivity analyses revealed low discriminative sensitivity for the majority of parameters. Tasks involving neck torsion or standing on an unstable surface did not demonstrate noticeably higher sensitivity, despite their greater sensorimotor demands. The findings indicate that laboratory-based COP measurements represent a reliable and appropriate tool for evaluating static balance. However, based on the presented results, further in-depth investigation of the repeatability of balance assessment procedures is warranted. Special attention should be given to methods capable of capturing more sensitive balance parameters and to tasks that require greater sensorimotor integration. Future research may thus contribute to optimizing measurement protocols and developing more precise diagnostic approaches that allow accurate detection of changes in postural control, which is essential in both research and clinical environments.

• Keywords: nonspecific chronic neck pain, balance, neck torsion, test repeatability, test sensitivity, center of pressure