Smiselnost spodbujanja uporabe mediacije v gospodarskih sporih v Sloveniji - primerjava z zvezno državo Maryland (ZDA) in Italijo skozi prizmo ekonomske analize

Kajtazović, Emina (author), Zajc, Katarina (mentor), Štiblar, Franjo (comentor)

Mediacija je način reševanja sporov, ki predstavlja alternativo sodnemu reševanju sporov. Gre za način reševanja, v katerem nevtralna tretja oseba strankam pomaga pri iskanju sporazuma, ki razrešuje njihov spor. Kot temeljne prednosti mediacije literatura med drugim navaja hitrost postopka, stroškovno učinkovitost, zaupnost, prostovoljnost, zmanjšanje števila sodnih postopkov in izboljšanje odnosa med strankama. Ne glede na številne zatrjevane pozitivne učinke pa se ni mogoče znebiti občutka, da se je uporaba mediacije na slovenskih tleh podala na težavno in počasnejšo pot, kot jo je bila deležna v »common law« sistemu. Glede na navedeno v konkretnem magistrskem delu ugotavljam, ali bi bilo smiselno uporabo mediacije spodbujati v gospodarskih sporih v Sloveniji in če ja, na kakšen način. Sistematično analiziram in primerjam ureditev in prakso mediacije v Sloveniji z Italijo in zvezno državo Maryland. Italija ima enak pravni sistem kot Slovenija in primerljive statistične podatke glede sodnega postopka. Na ravni EU je ena izmed tistih držav, v kateri je bila mediacija najbolj intenzivno implementirana. Zavestno spodbujanje mediacije je vodilo v statistično zbrane podatke, ki omogočajo preverjanje njenih učinkovitosti. Na drugi strani predstavlja pravna ureditev zvezne države Maryland diametralno nasprotje pravnemu sistemu pri nas, hkrati pa je Maryland ena izmed tistih držav v ZDA, v kateri je mediacija pogosto uporabljana. Slednja je izbrana, ker ni zapovedana obligatorna uporaba mediacije, kar doprinese k odkrivanju drugih elementov, ki vplivajo na uporabo mediacije, in zaradi aktualnih statističnih raziskav, ki osvetlijo druge vidike mediacije. S primerjavo razlogov, ki spodbujajo pogostost uporabe mediacije v teh državah, analiziram, kakšne so prednosti mediacije ter kako se te prednosti odražajo v ekonomskih in drugih učinkih. V predmetnem magistrskem delu uvodoma predstavim pravno ureditev mediacije primerjanih držav. V drugem delu predstavim stroškovne, časovne in druge elemente najprej sodnega postopka, v nadaljevanju pa tudi mediacijskega postopka. Zatem obravnavam učinke mediacije z vidika individualnega gospodarskega subjekta in širše, družbene učinke mediacije. V zadnjem delu glede na predhodne ugotovitve razložim, zakaj bi bilo mediacijo v gospodarskih sporih smiselno povečati tudi v Sloveniji, in predstavim načine, s katerimi bi bilo to mogoče oz. smiselno izvesti.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: mediacija, mediacija v gospodarskih sporih, primerjava sodnega postopka in mediacije, mediacija v Italiji, mediacija v zvezni državi Maryland, mediacija v Sloveniji
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: PF - Faculty of Law
• Year: 2021
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-181290
• COBISS.SI-ID: 138131203
• Publication date in RUL: 31.03.2026

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Significance of promoting the use of mediation in commercial disputes in Slovenia – a comparison with the state of Maryland (USA) and Italy through the prism of economic analysis

Abstract

Mediation is a way of resolving disputes that represents an alternative to judicial dispute resolution. It is a method of resolution in which a neutral third person assists the parties in finding an agreement that resolves their dispute. Advantages of mediation are its time and cost-effectiveness, confidentiality, voluntariness, reduction of the number of court proceedings and improvement of the relationship between the parties. Regardless of the many claimed positive effects, it is impossible to eliminate the feeling that the use of mediation in Slovenia has taken a more difficult and slower path in comparison to the common law system. In view of the above, I determine whether it would be wise to encourage the use of mediation in commercial disputes in Slovenia and, if so, in what way. I systematically analyze and compare the regulation and practice regarding mediation in Slovenia with Italy and the state of Maryland. Italy is a country with similar legal system and comparable statistics on court proceedings with Slovenia. At EU level, it is one of those countries where mediation has been most intensively implemented. Promotion of mediation has led to statistically collected data that allows verification of its effectiveness. On the other hand, the legal system of the state of Maryland represents an opposite to ours and it is one of those countries in the US where mediation is often used. It is chosen because there is no mandatory use of mediation, which contributes to allocation of other elements that affect the use of mediation and because of the recent statistical research that sheds light on other aspects of mediation. By comparing the reasons that encourage the use of mediation, I analyze the benefits of mediation and how these benefits are reflected in economic and other effects. In the introduction, I describe the legal regulation of mediation of the compared countries. In the second part, I demonstrate the cost, time and other elements of the court proceedings and mediation. I then discuss the effects of mediation from the perspective of an individual company and the broader, social effects. Based on previous findings, I explain why it would be wise to increase the use of mediation in commercial disputes in Slovenia, and the ways in which this could or should be done.

• Keywords: mediation, mediation in commercial disputes, comparison of court proceedings and mediation, mediation in Italy, mediation in the state of Maryland, mediation in Slovenia