Razlike v učinkih vadbe za moč nog z uporabo različnih tipov obremenitve pri starejših odraslih : magistrsko delo

Žalec, Klara (author), Spudić, Darjan (mentor), Smajla, Darjan (comentor)

Namen magistrske naloge je bil ugotoviti razlike v učinkih vadbe za moč nog med inercijsko in tradicionalno vadbo, z uporabo odnosov med silo in hitrostjo ter med močjo in hitrostjo, pri počepanju na inercijski napravi, počepanju s šestrobno palico in v izokinetičnih pogojih. Zanimalo nas je, ali se prilagoditve na vadbo z inercijsko napravo razlikujejo od prilagoditev na vadbo s šestrobno palico. V raziskavo je bilo vključenih 30 preizkušancev, starih med 54 in 81 let (8 moških in 22 žensk). Vadbena intervencija je trajala 7 tednov. Eksperimentalna skupina je izvajala počepe na inercijski napravi, kontrolna pa s šestrobno palico. Preizkušanci so testiranja opravili trikrat: prvi dve testiranji sta bili izvedeni v razmiku enega tedna, tretje testiranje pa deset tednov po drugem testiranju. Relativno intenzivnost vadbe smo izenačili tako, da je vsak posameznik vadil z bremenom, pri katerem je na uvodnih meritvah razvil največjo mehansko moč. Po vadbeni intervenciji smo pri testiranju z izokinetičnim dinamometrom z analizo kovariance ugotovili statistično značilne razlike med skupinama v spremenljivkah Izteg 180°/s (Nm/kg) (F = 4,678; p < 0,05*; ηp2 = 0,158) in naklon F-v upogibalk kolena (F = 5,29; p < 0,05*; ηp2 = 0,227). Pri meritvah s šestrobno palico z analizo kovariance nismo ugotovili statistično značilnih razlik med skupinama. Enako pri meritvah na inercijski napravi v koncentričnem delu počepa. Nasprotno pa so meritve na inercijski napravi v ekscentričnem delu počepa pokazale statistično značilne razlike med skupinama v povprečni sili pri bremenu 0,075 kg∙m2. Rezultati naše raziskave niso pokazali sistematičnih razlik v učinkih vadbe za moč nog, ki sta se med seboj razlikovali v tipu obremenitve. Tako vadba na inercijski napravi kot vadba s šestrobno palico sta privedli do primerljivih prilagoditev, ki ugodno vplivajo na moč mišic nog starejših odraslih. Izbira vadbenega pripomočka se na podlagi naših ugotovitev ne izkaže kot odločilna, saj prednosti ene metode pred drugo ni mogoče jasno izpostaviti.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: inercijska vadba, tradicionalna vadba, starejši odrasli, profil sila-hitrost-moč
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: FŠ - Faculty of Sport
• Year: 2026
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-181195
• COBISS.SI-ID: 274005507
• Publication date in RUL: 27.03.2026

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Differences in the effects of lower-limb strength training using different loading modalities in older adults

Abstract

The aim of this master’s thesis was to determine the differences in the effects of lower-limb strength training between flywheel (inertial) and traditional resistance training, using the force–velocity and power–velocity relationships, during squatting on a flywheel device, squatting with a hex bar, and under isokinetic conditions. We sought to examine whether adaptations to flywheel training differ from adaptations to hex-bar training. Thirty participants aged between 54 and 81 years (8 men and 22 women) were included in the study. The training intervention lasted seven weeks. The experimental group performed squats on a flywheel device, while the control group performed squats with a hex bar. Participants completed three testing sessions: the first two were conducted one week apart, and the third was performed ten weeks after the second testing session. Relative training intensity was equated by ensuring that each participant trained with the load at which they produced the highest mechanical power during the initial measurements. Following the training intervention, analysis of covariance revealed statistically significant between-group differences in isokinetic dynamometer testing for the variables Knee Extension 180°/s (Nm/kg) (F = 4,678; p < 0,05*; ηp2 = 0,158) and the slope F-v of the knee flexors (F = 5,29; p < 0,05*; ηp2 = 0,227). In contrast, no statistically significant between-group differences were observed in measurements performed with the hex bar. Similarly, no significant differences were found in the concentric phase of the squat on the flywheel device. In contrast, measurements on the inertial device in the eccentric phase of the squat showed statistically significant differences between the groups in mean force at a load of 0.075 kg·m². Overall, the results of our study did not show systematic differences in the effects of lower-limb strength training between the two loading modalities. Both flywheel training and hex-bar training led to comparable adaptations that positively influenced lower-limb muscle strength in older adults. Based on our findings, the choice of training modality does not appear to be decisive, as no clear advantage of one method over the other can be conclusively identified.

• Keywords: flywheel resistance training, traditional resistance training, older adults, force-velocity-power profil