Učinek ishemične vadbe na izboljšanje športno specifične mišične vzdržljivosti - pregled literature : diplomsko delo

Perpar, Živa (author), Palma, Polona (mentor), Kacin, Alan (reviewer)

Uvod: Ishemična vadba, znana tudi kot vadba z omejevanjem krvnega pretoka ali vadba z žilno okluzijo, je kombinacija vadbe in omejevanja krvnega pretoka v aktivnem udu. Čeprav do sedaj mehanizmi njenega delovanja še niso v celoti pojasnjeni, ishemično vadbo uporabljamo v kontekstu zdravljenja, vadbe za starejše odrasle ter dodatne vadbe za pripravo športnikov, saj privede do učinkov, primerljivih vadbi proti velikem uporu, ki pa jih doseže že ob uporabi majhnih uporov. To posameznikom omogoči, da se izognejo potencialni poškodbi tkiva zaradi prevelike mehanske obremenitve, ki lahko nastane zaradi velikega vadbenega upora. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je bil na podlagi pregleda znanstvene in strokovne literature zbrati in analizirati dokaze o vplivu ishemične vadbe proti majhnem do srednjem uporu na izboljšanje športno specifične mišične vzdržljivosti. Metode dela: Iskanje literature je potekalo v podatkovnih zbirkah PubMed, PEDro, Cochrane library in SPORTDiscus. Uporabljene so bile sledeče ključne besede: blood flow restriction, vascular occlusion, occlusion training, endurance, athletes in sport performance. Rezultati: Vključitvenim kriterijem je ustrezalo pet raziskav. Preiskovanci v raziskavah so bili rekreativni in vrhunski športniki. V uporabljenih protokolih vadbe je bila opažena velika variabilnost. Vse eksperimentalne skupine so športno specifično vadbo izvajale s hkratno aplikacijo okluzije na aktivne ude. Kontrolne skupine so izvajale isti protokol vadbe, le da brez okluzije, ali pa so izvajale primerljiv protokol, vendar z večjim mehanskim uporom in brez okluzije. Športno specifično mišično vzdržljivost so merili z različnimi testi, izbranimi glede na športne discipline preiskovancev. V štirih raziskavah so bile meritve po koncu intervencije v eksperimentalni skupini v primerjavi s kontrolno statistično pomembno boljše. V eni raziskavi razlika med skupinama ni dosegla statistične pomembnosti. Razprava in zaključek: Ishemična vadba je učinkovita metoda za izboljšanje športno specifične mišične vzdržljivosti. Potrebnih je več raziskav za določitev optimalnih parametrov vadbe ter vključitev več preiskovank za namen primerjave učinkov na oba spola. Prav tako je potrebno nadaljnje raziskovanje varnosti ter potencialnih poškodb lokalnih tkiv med aplikacijo ishemične vadbe.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, fizioterapija, omejevanje pretoka krvi, vadba z okluzijo, vzdržljivostni športi, športno specifično testiranje, mišična vzdržljivost
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [Ž. Perpar]
• Year: 2026
• Number of pages: 34 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-180998
• UDC: 615.8
• COBISS.SI-ID: 272557571
• Publication date in RUL: 21.03.2026

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The effect of ischemic training on the improvement of sport-specific muscular endurance - literature review : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Ischemic training, otherwise known as blood flow restricted exercise or vascular occlusion training, is a combination of exercise and occlusion of blood flow in the working muscle. While the underlying mechanisms remain relatively unknown, blood flow restriction is used in the treatment of injuries, exercise programs for elderly adults and supplementary training for athletes because of its unique ability to produce similar results as high load exercise whilst using low loads. This allows participants to avoid potential tissue injury, which can arise from overly big mechanical loads produced by using heavy resistance. Purpose: The purpose of this literature review was to analyse the effects of ischemic training of low to medium resistance on the improvement of sport-specific muscular endurance. Methods: Literature search was conducted in PubMed, PEDro, Cochrane library and SPORTDiscus databases using the following keywords: blood flow restriction, vascular occlusion, occlusion training, endurance, athletes and sport performance. Results: Five studies fit the inclusion criteria. Included participants ranged from beginner athletes to elite-level competitors. Great variability was observed in the protocols used in the studies. All experimental groups performed sport-specific exercise while wearing tourniquets that provided occlusion of the blood flow. Control groups performed either the same protocol without blood flow restriction or a similar protocol at a higher intensity. Sport-specific endurance was measured by different tests, specific of the sport disciplines of the participants. In four studies, comparison of measurements between experimental and control groups after the intervention demonstrated statistically significant improvement. In one study, the improvements did not reach statistical significance. Discussion and conclusion: Ischemic exercise has been shown to be an effective method for improving muscular endurance. More research is needed to determine the optimal parameters of its application, as well as including more female participants to further understand the difference between the effects on both sexes. Furthermore, more research is needed to assess safety concerns and potential adverse effects on local tissues while using blood flow restriction.

• Keywords: diploma theses, physiotherapy, blood flow restriction, occlusion training, endurance sport, sport-specific testing, muscular endurance