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Discriminating cinnamon species and geographic origin using HPLC-UV and chemometrics
ID Markelj, Jernej (Author), ID Kastelec, Katja (Author), ID Grčman, Matjaž (Author), ID Kočar, Drago (Author)

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Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate biomarkers for the differentiation and classification of cinnamon species and geographical origin. A reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography method with UV-Vis detection was used to quantify the following biomarkers: coumarin, cinnamic acid, cinnamaldehyde and eugenol. A total of 23 cinnamon samples were analysed and processed using chemometric methods. Besides commonly used principal component analysis, uniform manifold approximation and projection was also used for exploratory analysis. Next, combination of dimensions reduction and classification algorithms were used for the development of 16 classification models. The models were validated using the bootstrapping resampling method. The best classification was achieved with the combination of principal component analysis - regularised discriminant analysis model with an overall accuracy of 84.0% and 89.2% in discriminating cinnamon species and their geographical origin, respectively. In addition, the samples were successfully classified according to their shape and whether the cinnamon samples were certified as “bio” organic.

Language:English
Keywords:cinnamon species, liquid chromatography, biomarkers, chemometrics, classification, geographical origin
Work type:Article
Typology:1.01 - Original Scientific Article
Organization:FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
Publication status:Published
Publication version:Version of Record
Year:2026
Number of pages:Str. 279-287
Numbering:Vol. 73, no. 1
PID:20.500.12556/RUL-180964 This link opens in a new window
UDC:543.544.5:582.673.42
ISSN on article:1580-3155
DOI:10.17344/acsi.2025.9540 This link opens in a new window
COBISS.SI-ID:272403971 This link opens in a new window
Publication date in RUL:20.03.2026
Views:130
Downloads:47
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Record is a part of a journal

Title:Acta chimica slovenica
Shortened title:Acta chim. slov.
Publisher:Slovensko kemijsko društvo, = Slovenian Chemical Society
ISSN:1580-3155
COBISS.SI-ID:21870085 This link opens in a new window

Licences

License:CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Link:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Description:This is the standard Creative Commons license that gives others maximum freedom to do what they want with the work as long as they credit the author.

Secondary language

Language:Slovenian
Abstract:
Namen te študije je bil ovrednotiti biomarje za razlikovanje in razvrščanje vrst cimeta ter njegovega geografskega porekla. Za kvantifikacijo biomarjev – kumarina, cimetne kisline, cimetnega aldehida in evgenola – je bila uporabljena reverzno-fazna metoda tekočinske kromatografije visoke ločljivosti z UV-Vis detekcijo. Analiziranih je bilo skupno 23 vzorcev cimeta, ki so bili obdelani s kemometričnimi metodami. Poleg splošno uporabljene metode glavnih komponent (PCA) je bil za raziskovalno analizo uporabljen tudi UMAP (angl. uniform manifold approximation and projection). V nadaljevanju je bila uporabljena kombinacija algoritmov za zmanjševanje dimenzionalnosti in klasifikacijo za razvoj 16 klasifikacijskih modelov. Modeli so bili validirani z metodo ponovnega vzorčenja z zaganjanjem (angl. bootstrapping). Najboljša klasifikacija je bila dosežena s kombinacijo modela analize glavnih komponent in regularizirane diskriminantne analize, ki je dosegla skupno natančnost 84,0 % pri razlikovanju vrst cimeta in 89,2 % pri določanju njihovega geografskega porekla. Poleg tega so bili vzorci uspešno razvrščeni glede na njihovo obliko in glede na to, ali so bili certificirani kot ekološki (»bio«) izdelki.

Keywords:vrste cimeta, tekočinska kromatografija, biomarkerji, kemometrija, klasifikacija, geografsko poreklo

Projects

Funder:ARIS - Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency
Project number:P1-0153-2020
Name:Raziskave in razvoj analiznih metod in postopkov

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