Effect of anaerobic training on serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity and role of PON1-L55M polymorphism

Sevilmis, Ezgi (author), Ozcaldiran, Bahtiyar (author), Yigitturk, Oya (author), Vural, Faik (author), Asikovali, Semih (author), Durmaz, Burak (author), Kilic, Cagan (author)

Paraoxonase (PON) enzyme family (paraoxonase 1, 2 and 3) has antiatherosclerotic properties. The decreased PON1 enzyme activity (EA), PON1 level and PON1-L55M polymorphism (PON1P) are risk factors for atherosclerosis. Effects of anaerobic training on PON1 levels and the role of PON1P are unclear. In present study, the effects of anaerobic training on serum PON1 level, PON1EA, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and its subgroups’ paraoxonase activities (HDLPON1EA, HDL2PON1EA, HDL3PON1EA) as well as the role of PON1P were investigated. The trained male athletes group (handball, basketball, volleyball) (AG: n=36, age=20.56±2.42 years) and the control group (CG: n=39, age=22.26±3.44 years) participated in this study. The PON1 and HDL’s PON1 enzyme activities, the protein levels of PON1 enzyme, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) levels and the PON1P (from genomic DNA samples) were determined. Serum PON1EA, HDLPON1EA, HDL2PON1EA and HDL3PON1EA enzyme activities of the athletic homozygous LL and M carrier (Mc) groups were not significantly different from sedentary, however the indicated enzyme activities of the athletic LL homozygous group were significantly higher than athletic Mc group (p<0.05). While the control genotype groups were compared, the control LL (CLL) genotype group had higher serum PON1EA (38.7%), HDLPON1EA (37.2%), HDL2PON1EA (41.9%) and HDL3PON1EA (33.1%) values than control Mc (CMc) genotype. These findings indicate that the genetically higher PON1EA and HDL and its subgroups’ PON1EA in LL genotype group may have an important role in the beneficial effects of anaerobic training. However, the Mc genotype group was genetically negatively affected from anaerobic training. Therefore, it was concluded that high intensity training may be a risk factor for atherosclerosis in athletes with Mc genotype.

• Language: English
• Keywords: sport, paraoxonase 1, paraoxonase 1-L55M, polymorphism, anaerobic training, atherosclerosis
• Work type: Article
• Typology: 1.01 - Original Scientific Article
• Organization: FŠ - Faculty of Sport
• Publication status: Published
• Publication version: Version of Record
• Year: 2025
• Number of pages: Str. 235-251
• Numbering: Vol. 31, no. 2
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-180544
• UDC: 796.01
• ISSN on article: 2232-4062
• DOI: 10.52165/kinsi.31.2.235-251
• COBISS.SI-ID: 259039235
• Publication date in RUL: 11.03.2026

Record is a part of a journal

• Title: Kinesiologia Slovenica : scientific journal on sport
• Shortened title: Kinesiol. Slov.
• Publisher: Založba Univerze v Ljubljani
• ISSN: 2232-4062
• COBISS.SI-ID: 257386752

Licences

• License: CC BY-SA 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International
• Link: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
• Description: This Creative Commons license is very similar to the regular Attribution license, but requires the release of all derivative works under this same license.

Secondary language

• Language: Slovenian
• Title: Učinek anaerobnega treninga na aktivnost serumske paraoksonaze 1 (PON1) in vloga polimorfizma PON1-L55M

Abstract

Encimska družina paraoksonaz (PON) – paraoksonaza 1, 2 in 3 – ima antiaterosklerotične lastnosti. Znižana encimska aktivnost PON1 (EA), raven PON1 in polimorfizem PON1-L55M (PON1P) predstavljajo dejavnike tveganja za aterosklerozo. Vplivi anaerobnega treninga na raven PON1 in vloga PON1P še niso povsem pojasnjeni. V tej študiji so raziskovali vplive anaerobnega treninga na serumsko raven PON1, encimsko aktivnost PON1 (PON1EA), lipoprotein visoke gostote (HDL) in paraoksonazno aktivnost njegovih podskupin (HDLPON1EA, HDL2PON1EA, HDL3PON1EA), kot tudi vlogo PON1P. V raziskavi so sodelovali moški športniki (rokomet, košarka, odbojka) – športna skupina (AG: n = 36, starost = 20,56 ± 2,42 let) in kontrolna skupina (CG: n = 39, starost = 22,26 ± 3,44 let). Določili so PON1 in HDL-odvisno encimsko aktivnost PON1, ravni beljakovin encima PON1, ravni oksidiranega lipoproteina nizke gostote (oxLDL) ter polimorfizem PON1P (iz genomskih DNA vzorcev). Serumske vrednosti PON1EA, HDLPON1EA, HDL2PON1EA in HDL3PON1EA pri športnikih z homozigotnim LL genotipom in nosilcih M alela (Mc skupina) niso bile statistično značilno različne od neaktivnih posameznikov. Vendar pa so bile omenjene encimske aktivnosti v športni skupini z LL genotipom statistično značilno višje kot pri športnikih Mc skupine (p < 0,05). Pri primerjavi genotipskih skupin v kontrolni skupini je imel LL genotip (CLL) višje vrednosti serumske PON1EA (za 38,7 %), HDLPON1EA (za 37,2 %), HDL2PON1EA (za 41,9 %) in HDL3PON1EA (za 33,1 %) v primerjavi z Mc genotipom (CMc). Ti izsledki kažejo, da ima genetsko višja PON1EA ter višja PON1 aktivnost HDL in njegovih podskupin pri osebah z LL genotipom lahko pomembno vlogo pri koristnih učinkih anaerobnega treninga. Nasprotno pa je bil Mc genotip genetsko neugodno prizadet zaradi anaerobnega treninga. Zato so raziskovalci zaključili, da je lahko visoko intenziven trening dejavnik tveganja za aterosklerozo pri športnikih z Mc genotipom.

• Keywords: šport, paroksonaza 1, paroksonaza 1-L55M, polimorfizem, anaerobni trening, ateroskleroza

Projects

• Funder: Ege University, Scientific Research Project Coordination Unit
• Project number: TDK-2021-22773