Reliability of two-dimensional kinematic assessment of single-leg landing, countermovement jump, and broad jump technique among elite handball players

Ribič, Ažbe (author), Spudić, Darjan (author), Šarabon, Nejc (author), Pori, Primož (author)

The aims of this study were: a) to assess the intra-session reliability of two-dimensional kinematic variables related to the knee, hip, and trunk joints, and b) to compare the results between subjectively and objectively identified key movement positions in single-leg countermovement jumps (SLCMJ), broad jumps (SLBJ), and drop landings. Eighty elite handball players (mean age 21.8 years; weight 92.0 kg; height 1.9 m) participated in the study. Three repetitions of each test, using both the dominant and non-dominant legs, were video recorded from lateral and frontal planes. Kinematic analysis was performed manually using Kinovea software. Inclinations of the shin, thigh, pelvis, and trunk (absolute variables) were calculated based on anatomical landmarks, along with joint angles (relative variables). Key movement positions were identified subjectively by expert assessment and objectively by the time point of the highest vertical ground reaction force for each task. The results indicated moderate-excellent reliability for drop landing test (ICC$_{2.1}$= 0.54-0.99), moderate-good reliability (ICC$_{2.1}$= 0.51-0.83) for SLCMJ, and poor-moderate reliability for SLBJ in both the push off (ICC$_{2.1}$= 0.01-0.81) and landing phases (ICC$_{2.1}$= 0.10-0.86). Significant differences were found between the results from subjective and objective key movement position identification (p < 0.05).Based on the results, we recommend conducting at least three test repetitions and averaging the outcomes to ensure reliability when performing manual 2D kinematic analysis with manual marker placement, as well as maintaining consistency in the criteria used to determine key movement positions for variable extraction.

• Language: English
• Keywords: sport, jump performance, stability, validity, reproducibility, consistency, handball
• Work type: Article
• Typology: 1.01 - Original Scientific Article
• Organization: FŠ - Faculty of Sport
• Publication status: Published
• Publication version: Version of Record
• Year: 2025
• Number of pages: Str. 110-130
• Numbering: Vol. 31, no. 2
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-180536
• UDC: 796.322
• ISSN on article: 2232-4062
• DOI: 10.52165/kinsi.31.2.110-130
• COBISS.SI-ID: 251339011
• Publication date in RUL: 11.03.2026

Record is a part of a journal

• Title: Kinesiologia Slovenica : scientific journal on sport
• Shortened title: Kinesiol. Slov.
• Publisher: Založba Univerze v Ljubljani
• ISSN: 2232-4062
• COBISS.SI-ID: 257386752

Licences

• License: CC BY-SA 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International
• Link: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
• Description: This Creative Commons license is very similar to the regular Attribution license, but requires the release of all derivative works under this same license.

Secondary language

• Language: Slovenian
• Title: Zanesljivost dvodimenzionalne kinematične analize tehnične izvedbe enonožnega pristanka, skoka z nasprotnim gibanjem in skoka v daljino pri vrhunskih rokometaših

Abstract

Glavna cilja naše raziskave sta bila: a) oceniti znotrajobiskovno zanesljivost izračunanih naklonov telesnih segmentov in kotov v sklepih z dvodimenzionalno (2D) kinematično analizo in b) primerjati rezultate omenjenih spremenljivk med subjektivno in objektivno določenima ključnima gibalnima položajema pri enonožnem skoku z nasprotnim gibanjem (SLCMJ), skoku v daljino (SLBJ) in pristanku. V raziskavi je sodelovalo osemdeset vrhunskih rokometašev (povprečna starost 21,8 let; teža 92,0 kg; višina 1,9 m). Izvedli so tri ponovitve vsakega testa z dominantno in nedominantno nogo. Testi so bili posneti v bočni in čelni ravnini, kinematična analiza posnetkov pa je bila izvedena z uporabo programske opreme Kinovea. Izračunane so bile naslednje spremenljivke: nagib goleni, stegna, medenice in trupa (absolutne spremenljivke) ter koti v sklepih med segmenti (relativne spremenljivke). Ključni gibalni položaji za izračun spremenljivk so bili določeni subjektivno na podlagi ocene merilca in objektivno glede na trenutek največje sile na podlago. Rezultati so pokazali zmerno-odlično zanesljivost spremenljivk pri testu pristanka (ICC$_{2.1}$= 0,54–0,99), zmerno-dobro zanesljivost (ICC$_{2.1}$= 0,51–0,83) pri SLCMJ ter slabo-zmerno zanesljivost pri SLBJ, tako v fazi odriva (ICC$_{2.1}$= 0,01–0,81) kot v fazi pristanka (ICC$_{2.1}$= 0,10–0,86). Ugotovljene so bile razlike v rezultatih med subjektivnim in objektivnim kriterijem določitve ključnega gibalnega položaja za analizo (p < 0.05).Na podlagi rezultatov za zagotovitev zadovoljive zanesljivosti priporočamo analizo vsaj treh skokov in konsistentno uporabo enega kriterija pri določitvi ključnega gibalnega položaja za izračun spremenljivk.

• Keywords: šport, uspešnost skoka, stabilnost, veljavnost, ponovljivost, konsistentnost, rokomet