Proximal humerus fractures in the elderly work up, classifications and fracture biomechanics

Kalacun, Dario (author), Komadina, Radko (author), Brilej, Drago (author)

This article discusses fractures of the upper third of the humerus in elderly patients within the context of diagnostic evaluation, fracture classification, biomechanics, and fracture occurrence, including osteoporosis. The shoulder joint is composed of the proximal humerus and the glenoid of the scapula. Very important factors for fracture incidence and patterns are osteoporosis and distribution of bone tissue and bone density in the proximal humerus. Most fractures are caused by fall from standing height. Parts of diagnostic work-up and management plans are clinical examination, different imaging modalities and classification systems.

• Language: English
• Keywords: humeral fractures, shoulder fractures, proximal humerus fractures, work up, classifications, fracture biomechanics
• Work type: Article
• Typology: 1.02 - Review Article
• Organization: MF - Faculty of Medicine
• Publication status: Published
• Publication version: Version of Record
• Year: 2025
• Number of pages: 13 str.
• Numbering: Vol. 51, iss. 1, art. 300
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-178851
• UDC: 616.7
• ISSN on article: 1863-9941
• DOI: 10.1007/s00068-025-02945-0
• COBISS.SI-ID: 254228483
• Publication date in RUL: 30.01.2026

Record is a part of a journal

• Title: European journal of trauma and emergency surgery
• Shortened title: Eur. j. trauma emerg. surg.
• Publisher: Springer Nature
• ISSN: 1863-9941
• COBISS.SI-ID: 513665817

Licences

• License: CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Link: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Description: This is the standard Creative Commons license that gives others maximum freedom to do what they want with the work as long as they credit the author.

Secondary language

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: zlomi nadlaktnice, zlomi rame