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Sacrificing natural kinds : Fodor’s legacy and the unity of science
ID Todorović, Tadej (Author), ID Bregant, Janez (Author)

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Abstract
The article reevaluates Jerry Fodor’s key argument for the autonomy of the special sciences, which rests on the notion of multiple realization and the claim that special science predicates must be natural kinds. After outlining how Fodor’s view was shaped by the “syntactic” conception of scientific theories, it shows that the recent “semantic” approach in scientific theories challenges the idea that special science kinds must be natural and ontologically committing. On the semantic account, scientific models often invoke idealized or domain-specific predicates that do not have to be natural. We use Fodor’s example – Gresham’s law – to articulate a semantic perspective that preserves the unity of science: higher-level explanations can remain useful, real, and relatively autonomous without irreducible natural kinds. By “sacrificing” natural kinds, we retain the explanatory powers of the special sciences, create a simpler ontological picture of the world, and justify the modus operandi of the sciences, such as cognitive science, where knowledge from the different levels or disciplines that constitute it informs and refines our overall understanding of the world.

Language:English
Keywords:multiple realization, natural kinds, unity of science, special sciences, Fodor
Work type:Article
Typology:1.01 - Original Scientific Article
Organization:FF - Faculty of Arts
Publication status:Published
Publication version:Version of Record
Year:2025
Number of pages:Str. 33-50
Numbering:Letn. 19, št. 1
PID:20.500.12556/RUL-178677 This link opens in a new window
UDC:165
ISSN on article:1854-9632
DOI:10.4312/ars.19.1.33-50 This link opens in a new window
COBISS.SI-ID:246023939 This link opens in a new window
Publication date in RUL:05.03.2026
Views:210
Downloads:183
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Record is a part of a journal

Title:Ars & humanitas : revija za umetnost in humanistiko
Publisher:Znanstvena založba Filozofske fakultete, Znanstvena založba Filozofske fakultete, Založba Univerze v Ljubljani
ISSN:1854-9632
COBISS.SI-ID:233246720 This link opens in a new window

Licences

License:CC BY-SA 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International
Link:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Description:This Creative Commons license is very similar to the regular Attribution license, but requires the release of all derivative works under this same license.

Secondary language

Language:Slovenian
Title:Žrtvovanje naravnih vrst : Fodorjeva zapuščina in enotnost znanosti
Abstract:
Članek znova ovrednoti ključni argument Jerryja Fodorja za avtonomijo posebnih znanosti, ki temelji na konceptu večvrstne realizacije in predpostavki, da morajo biti predikati posebnih znanosti naravne vrste. Po kratkem orisu »sintaktičnega« pojmovanja znanstvenih teorij, ki je oblikovalo Fodorjev vidik, pokaže, da novejše »semantično« pojmovanje spodkopava idejo, da morajo biti predikati posebnih znanosti nujno naravni in ontološko zavezujoči. Semantični pristop namreč poudarja, da znanstveni modeli pogosto uporabljajo idealizirane ali domensko specifične predikate, za katere ni nujno, da so naravni. S pomočjo Fodorjevega primera – Greshamovega zakona – oriše takšno semantično perspektivo, ki ohranja enotnost znanosti: razlage višjih ravni lahko ostanejo uporabne, realne in razmeroma avtonomne tudi brez nereducibilnih naravnih vrst. Z žrtvovanjem naravnih vrst tako ohranimo pojasnjevalno moč posebnih znanosti, ustvarimo preprostejšo ontološko sliko sveta in upravičimo modus operandi znanosti, kot je kognitivna znanost, kjer znanje z različnih ravni oziroma iz različnih disciplin, ki jo sestavljajo, bogati in izpopolnjuje naše skupno razumevanje sveta.

Keywords:večvrstna realizacija, naravne vrste, enotnost znanosti, posebne znanosti, Fodor

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