Voyage to the frozen continent : a comprehensive GNSS dataset from a ship’s expedition to Antarctica

Bertalanič, Blaž (author), Dimc, Franc (author), Bažec, Matej (author), Blatnik, Aljaž (author)

This paper presents a unique 200-day dataset of raw GNSS single-frequency L1 receiver measurements collected aboard a research vessel during a continuous Antarctic expedition from October 7, 2024, to April 24, 2025. The dataset comprises daily-segmented binary UBX files containing multi-constellation L1-band observations, including position and time (UBX-NAV-PVT), satellite metadata (UBX-NAV-SAT), RF front-end diagnostics (UBX-MON-RF), FFT results of the received signal spectrum (UBX-MON-SPAN), raw satellite pseudorange and carrier-phase data (UBX-RXM-MEASX), and intermittent Galileo SAR return-link messages (UBX-RXM-RLM). Files are organized by UTC date to streamline batch parsing and maintain file sizes under ≈ 600 MB. Synchronized receiver state metrics and high-resolution spectrum waterfalls allow for a detailed characterization of multipath propagation, the consequences of unintentional interference from ground systems, and intentional jamming conditions in all types of maritime environments, from Mediterranean to polar regions. This dataset facilitates GNSS performance modeling, enables diverse radio-frequency interference analysis, and allows for antenna performance characterization in harsh marine environments. Furthermore, it aids in resilient PNT algorithm development for autonomous vessels and assists in benchmarking Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) positioning in low signal-to-noise and dynamic motion scenarios.

• Language: English
• Keywords: nabor podatkov GNSS, radiofrekvenčne motnje, pomorska navigacija, antarktika, zaznava motenj
• Work type: Article
• Typology: 1.01 - Original Scientific Article
• Organization: FE - Faculty of Electrical Engineering; FPP - Faculty of Maritime Studies and Transport
• Publication status: Published
• Publication version: Version of Record
• Year: 2026
• Number of pages: 10 str.
• Numbering: Vol. 13, article no. ǂ49
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-178217
• UDC: 621.39:629.056.8:656.61
• ISSN on article: 2052-4463
• DOI: 10.1038/s41597-025-06366-x
• COBISS.SI-ID: 260974595
• Publication date in RUL: 21.01.2026

Record is a part of a journal

• Title: Scientific data
• Publisher: Springer nature
• ISSN: 2052-4463
• COBISS.SI-ID: 523393305

Licences

• License: CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
• Link: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
• Description: The most restrictive Creative Commons license. This only allows people to download and share the work for no commercial gain and for no other purposes.

Secondary language

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: GNSS dataset, radio frequency interference, maritime navigation, Antarctica, jamming detection

Projects

• Funder: ARIS - Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency
• Project number: V2-2342
• Name: Care4SIGNAL - Ocena tveganja motenj signalov GNSS v slovenskem državnem omrežju stalnih postaj SIGNAL

• Funder: ARIS - Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency
• Project number: L7-60164
• Name: Trajnostni in digitalni okvir za varnost in zaščito v pristaniščih