Vrednotenje genetskega potenciala kompozitnih populacij navadnega fižola (Phaseolus vulgaris)

Plestenjak, Eva (author), Pipan, Barbara (mentor)

V okviru doktorkse disertacije smo analizirali 50 kompozitnih populacij navadnega fižola (Phaseolus vulgaris) in dve standardni sorti z namenom ocene njihovega potenciala za žlahtnjenje in ekološko pridelavo. Ker gre za redke in še ne raziskane populacije, smo pregledali več različnih relEvantnih zbirk navadnega fižola iz katerih smo pripravili reprezentativno kolekcijo. Posamezna kompozitna populacija je združevala od dva do pet fenotipov semen, ki so se razlikovali v barvi semenske lupine. Fenotipe znotraj posamezne kompozitne populacije smo tekom dveletne (2022, 2023) vegetacije na polju, okarakterizirali z uporabo 86 morfoloških deskriptorjev in 47 molekulskih markerjev. Štiri izbrane kompozitne populacije (skupno 17 fenotipov) in obe standardni sorti pa smo nadalje analizirali še na nivoju celotnega genoma. Morfološka raznolikost je poleg barve semenske lupine obsegala še variabilnost v obliki in obarvanosti rastlinskih organov, fenoloških fazah razvoja, ter lastnostih, povezanih s pridelkom. Populacije z večjim številom fenotipov in izrazitejšo morfološko raznolikostjo so izkazovale tudi višjo genetsko raznolikost (I > 0,7; P > 70 %). Fenotipi znotraj kompozitne populacije so se prav tako razlikovali v markerjih povezanih z odpornostjo porti štirim najpomembnejšim boleznim navadnega fižola, kar predstavlja pomemben dejavnik njihove prilagodljivosti. Visoka povprečna stopnja tujeprašnosti (t = 0,42) je bila višja od pričakovane za samoprašno vrsto, kar povezujemo z visokimi temperaturami (> 30 °C) in majhno medsebojno razdaljo med rastlinami (70 cm). Identificirali smo kandidatne regije povezane z obarvanostjo semenske lupine, kjer poleg strukturnih genov pomembno vlogo igrajo vezikularni transportni mehanizmi. Na podlagi agronomsko pomembnih lastnosti (zgodnost, odpornost, velik pridelek) smo izbrali tri kompozitne populacije z visokim potencialom za žlahtnjenje, pri čemer so bili določeni fenotipi že potrjeni v postopku registracije nove sorte. Rezultati potrjujejo, da kompozitne populacije predstavljajo pomemben vir genetske in fenotipske raznolikosti za trajnostno pridelavo, žlahtniteljske programe in prilagajanje na podnebne spremembe.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: kompozitne populacije, Phaseolus vulgaris, barva semenske lupine, morfološka raznolikost, DNA markerji, sekvenciranje celotnega genoma
• Work type: Doctoral dissertation
• Typology: 2.08 - Doctoral Dissertation
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Year: 2026
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-177988
• COBISS.SI-ID: 265032963
• Publication date in RUL: 15.01.2026

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Evaluation of genetic potential of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) composite populations

Abstract

In our doctoral dissertation we analysed 50 composite populations of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), as well as two standard varieties, with the aim of assessing their potential for breeding and organic production. Given that these populations are rare and have not yet been studied, we examined several relevant collections of common bean and prepared a representative sample. Each composite population combined two to five seed phenotypes that differed in terms of seed coat colour. Phenotypes within each composite population were characterised during the 2022–2023 vegetation period in the field, using 86 morphological descriptors and 47 molecular markers. Four selected composite populations (17 phenotypes in total) and both standard varieties were analysed further at the whole genome level. In addition to seed coat colour, morphological diversity included variability in the shape and colour of plant organs, phenological stages of development and yield-related traits. Populations with a greater number of phenotypes and more pronounced morphological diversity also exhibited higher genetic diversity (I > 0.7; P > 70%). Phenotypes within the composite populations also differed in terms of markers related to resistance to the four most important common bean diseases, representing an important factor in their adaptability. The high average level of cross-pollination (t = 0.42) was higher than expected for a self-pollinated species and is associated with high temperatures (>30 °C) and short plant spacing (70 cm). We identified candidate regions related to seed coat colouration where vesicular transport mechanisms, in addition to structural genes, play an important role. Based on agronomically important traits such as earliness, resistance and high yield, we selected three composite populations with high breeding potential, some of whose phenotypes have already been confirmed in the new variety registration process. These results confirm that composite populations are an important source of genetic and phenotypic diversity for sustainable production and breeding programs, as well as for adaptation to climate change.

• Keywords: composite populations, Phaseolus vulgaris, seed coat colour, morphological diversity, DNA markers, whole genome sequencing