Ovarian cancer is a heterogeneous disease with a complex tumour microenvironment. Current treatment consists of surgery followed by chemotherapy. Acquired chemoresistance is a major challenge in the treatment. To study the mechanisms of ovarian cancer progression in detail, mostly 2D cell cultures and animal models have been used so far. Recent studies show that 3D cultures are a more appropriate model for studying ovarian cancer biology and testing therapeutics. Modern technologies, such as 3D bioprinting, enable the construction of complex structures and the creation of 3D cellular models that better represent the natural architecture of the tumour. 3D mono- or co-cultures are better suited for the discovery of new protein targets and high throughput screening of medicinal agents. The development of complex 3D cultures will contribute to a better understanding of ovarian cancer and the identification of more effective therapeutics.
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