Primerjava risarskega in kiparskega upodabljanja človeške figure v različnih starostnih obdobjih predšolskega otroka : diplomsko delo

Ostrc, Urška (author), Podobnik, Uršula (mentor)

Skozi desetletje dolgo izkušnjo dela s predšolskimi otroki sem vedno znova navdušena nad njihovo izraznostjo in globino pomena pri likovnem ustvarjanju. V diplomskem delu Primerjava risarskega in kiparskega upodabljanja človeške figure v različnih starostnih obdobjih predšolskega otroka sem želela orisati, kako bogato je lahko likovno izročilo predšolskih otrok. V teoretičnem delu sem zajela pričevanja različnih avtorjev o pomenu likovnega izražanja v predšolskem obdobju. Želela sem predstaviti globino likovnega izražanja, ki bi v vrtcu morala biti predstavljena otrokom z drugačnim pristopom, tj. s pristopom, ki daje poudarek procesu in ne končnemu izdelku. Po orisu likovnega razvoja, ki je narejen predvsem na podlagi otroške risbe, sem se dotaknila tudi likovnega razvoja pri oblikovanju gline. Teoretični del vključuje opis obeh likovnih področij, ki sem ju pri svojem diplomskem delu izpostavila – risanja in kiparstva. Na videz nasprotni likovni področji, katerih eno od otroka zahteva predstavo dvodimenzionalnosti, drugo pa tridimenzionalnosti, imata tudi veliko skupnega, kar sem opisala v poglavju Povezava med risanjem in kiparstvom. Ker sem za raziskovan objekt določila človeško figuro, natančneje mamo, sem razvoj človeške figure pri predšolskem otroku tudi teoretično podkrepila. Likovni razvoj in značilnosti oblikovanja gline v predšolskem obdobju ter razvoj človeške figure pri kiparjenju je razmeroma slabo raziskano področje z zelo skopim naborom strokovne literature. Ravno to me je vzpodbudilo k izbiri tematike diplomske naloge in načrtovanju raziskave. V empiričnem delu je bil zato moj namen preko oblikovanja gline odkrivati značilnosti človeške figure v predšolskem obdobju in le-to primerjati z značilnostmi, ki se v istem starostnem obdobju pojavljajo pri risanju s svinčnikom. Raziskava je zajemala otroke stare od 2 do 6 let in je vsebovala risarski in kiparski del. Pri risarskem delu so otroci upodabljali mamo s svinčnikom, pri kiparskem delu pa oblikovali mamo iz gline.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: predšolsko učenje in poučevanje, predšolsko obdobje, likovno izražanje, risanje, kiparstvo, glina, človeška figura
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: PEF - Faculty of Education
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: U. Ostrc
• Year: 2025
• Number of pages: 90 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-177806
• UDC: 373.2(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 264041731
• Publication date in RUL: 08.01.2026

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Comparison of drawing and sculptural representations of the human figure at different ages of the preschool child

Abstract

Through a decade-long experience working with preschool children, I am constantly amazed by their expressiveness and depth of meaning in their artwork. In my thesis, Comparison of Drawing and Sculptural Representations of the Human Figure at Different Ages of the Preschool Child, I wanted to outline how rich the artistic legacy of preschool children can be. In the theoretical part, I included testimonies from various authors about the importance of artistic expression in the preschool period. I wanted to present the depth of artistic expression that should be presented to children in kindergarten with a different approach i.e., an approach that emphasizes the process rather than the final product. Based on the description of the artistic development, which is primarily based on the child's drawing, I also touched on the artistic development in shaping clay. The theoretical part also includes a description of the artistic fields that I highlighted in my thesis – drawing and sculpture. On the surface, the two artistic fields seem to be opposites, as one requires a representation of two-dimensionality and the other of three-dimensionality, but they have a lot in common, which I described in the chapter "The Connection between Drawing and Sculpting." Since I chose the human figure- specifically the mother- as the research object, I also provided theoretical support for the development of the human figure in preschool children. Artistic development and characteristics of shaping clay in preschool age and human figure development in sculpture are relatively poorly researched areas with a very limited range of professional literature. This is what inspired me to choose the topic of my thesis and plan the research. In the empirical part, my goal was to discover the characteristics of the human figure in the preschool period through shaping clay and compare them with the characteristics that appear in the same age period when drawing with a pencil. The study included children aged 2 to 6 years and consisted of drawing and sculpting. In the drawing part, children drew their mother with a pencil, and in the sculpting part, they shaped their mother from clay.

• Keywords: preschool period, visual expression, drawing, sculpturing, clay, human figure