Razkuževanje rok kot higienski ukrep preprečevanja bolnišničnih okužb

Hamidović, Medina (author), Pajnič, Manca (mentor), Trotovšek, Tatjana (comentor)

Uvod: Razkuževanje rok je eden najpomembnejših higienskih ukrepov pri preprečevanju prenosa bolnišničnih okužb. Kljub številnim kampanjam ozaveščanja in oblikovanju mednarodnih ter nacionalnih smernic število okužb, povezanih z zdravstveno oskrbo, še vedno narašča. Zato je potrebno dodatno ozaveščanje in poenotenje vseh javnih, mednarodnih in internih priporočil. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je predstaviti pomen razkuževanja rok zdravstvenih delavcev kot osnovnega ukrepa pri preprečevanju širjenja mikroorganizmov in primerjati mednarodne in interne smernice glede higiene rok v slovenskih bolnišnicah. Metode dela: Uporabljena je bila deskriptivna metoda dela z narativnim pregledom strokovne in znanstvene literature, objavljene med letoma 2015 in 2025, v bazah CINAHL Ultimate, MEDLINE/PubMed, ScienceDirect in Digitalni knjižnici Univerze v Ljubljani. V analizo so bili vključeni interna priporočila petih slovenskih bolnišnic in primerjava s smernicami Svetovne zdravstvene organizacije, Centra za nadzor in preprečevanje bolezni, Komisije za bolnišnično higieno in preprečevanje okužb in Združenja perioperativnih registriranih medicinskih sester. Rezultati: Ugotovljeno je bilo, da mednarodne in interne smernice temeljijo na podobnih izhodiščih, vendar se razlikujejo v trajanju drgnjenja rok, količini uporabljenega razkužila in vključevanju zapestja. Prisotna so tudi odstopanja glede dolžine nohtov, dovoljenosti laka in nege rok. Razprava in zaključek: Na doslednost izvajanja higiene rok vplivajo številni dejavniki, med drugim pomanjkanje časa, delovna obremenitev in neenotna navodila. Razlike med smernicami lahko vplivajo na kakovost izvedbe postopka, zato sta ključna stalno izobraževanje zdravstvenih delavcev in sprotno preverjanje pravilnosti izvajanja. Razkuževanje rok ostaja temeljni ukrep pri preprečevanju bolnišničnih okužb, zato bi bilo smiselno izvesti nadaljnje raziskave, ki bi primerjale učinkovitost različnih pristopov glede časa drgnjenja, količine razkužila in vključevanja zapestja, z namenom poenotenja smernic in izboljševanja varnosti pacientov.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: razkuževanje rok, bolnišnične okužbe, zdravstvena nega, smernice
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Year: 2025
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-177603
• Publication date in RUL: 25.12.2025

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Hand disinfection as a hygiene measure to prevent hospital - acquired infection

Abstract

Introduction: Hand disinfection is one of the most important hygiene measures in preventing the transmission of hospital-acquired infections. Despite numerous awareness campaigns and the development of international and national guidelines, the number of healthcare-associated infections continues to rise. Therefore, further awareness-raising and harmonization of all public, international, and internal recommendations are necessary. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to present the importance of hand disinfection among healthcare workers as a fundamental measure in preventing the spread of microorganisms and to compare international and internal hand hygiene guidelines used in Slovenian hospitals. Methods: A descriptive research method was used with a narrative review of professional and scientific literature published between 2015 and 2025 in the databases CINAHL Ultimate, MEDLINE/PubMed, ScienceDirect, and the Digital Library of the University of Ljubljana. Internal guidelines from five Slovenian hospitals were analysed and compared with the World Health Organization, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kommission für Krankenhaushygiene und Infektionsprävention, and Association of periOperative Registered Nurses recommendations. Results: The analysis showed that international and internal guidelines are based on similar principles but differ in the duration of hand rubbing, the amount of disinfectant used, and whether the wrists are included in the procedure. Differences were also found regarding nail length, the use of nail polish, and hand care. Discussion and conclusion: Compliance with hand hygiene practices is influenced by various factors, including lack of time, workload, and inconsistent instructions. Differences between guidelines may affect the quality of hand disinfection; therefore, continuous education and regular monitoring of proper hand hygiene practices are essential. Hand disinfection remains a key measure in preventing hospital-acquired infections. Further research comparing the effectiveness of different approaches—regarding rubbing time, disinfectant volume, and wrist inclusion—would help to standardize guidelines and improve patient safety.

• Keywords: hand disinfection, hospital infections, healthcare, guidelines