Ozaveščenost staršev glede vpliva sesalnih navad na govorni razvoj otrok : magistrsko delo

Zupanc, Tanja (author), Hočevar-Boltežar, Irena (mentor), Prebil, Nataša (comentor)

Sesalne navade, kot so uporaba dude, sesanje prsta in dolgotrajna uporaba stekleničke, so v zgodnjem otroštvu pogost pojav. Čeprav so v prvih mesecih življenja običajen del razvoja, lahko njihovo dolgotrajno vztrajanje negativno vpliva na orofacialne strukture, oblikovanje griza ter govorni razvoj otrok. Starši imajo pri vzpostavljanju in prenehanju teh navad ključno vlogo, zato je njihova ozaveščenost bistvenega pomena za pravočasno preventivo in intervencijo. V teoretičnem delu naloge je predstavljen stomatognatni sistem ter tipičen razvoj oromotoričnih funkcij, kot so sesanje, žvečenje, požiranje, hranjenje, dihanje in govor. Poseben poudarek je namenjen dejavnikom, ki vplivajo na razvoj orofacialnega področja, med njimi dihanju na usta, hranjenju ter pretirani uporabi dude. Podrobno so opisane vrste sesalnih navad in njihov vpliv na mišične funkcije, požiranje, oblikovanje griza in govorne sposobnosti. Obravnavana je tudi vloga staršev pri preprečevanju in odpravljanju navad, pomen ozaveščanja in preventivnih ukrepov ter multidisciplinarni pristop, ki povezuje logopedsko, ortodontsko in pediatrično stroko. Empirični del temelji na kvantitativni presečni raziskavi, ki je bila izvedena na vzorcu 209 mater otrok različnih starosti. Podatki so bili zbrani s pomočjo spletnega vprašalnika, ki smo ga sestavili in uporabili za namen naše raziskave. Z raziskavo smo želeli ugotoviti, v kolikšni meri so starši ozaveščeni o vplivu sesalnih navad na govorni razvoj otrok in kako se ta ozaveščenost povezuje s trajanjem ter pogostostjo navad. Prav tako nas je zanimalo, ali na stopnjo ozaveščenosti vplivajo stopnja izobrazbe, število otrok v družini, starševske izkušnje s sesalnimi navadami iz lastnega otroštva ter kako je čas dojenja povezan s trajanjem sesalnih navad v kasnejšem obdobju. Ugotovitve so pokazale, da je večina otrok s sesalnimi navadami vztrajala po 18. mesecu starosti. Splošna ozaveščenost staršev glede vpliva sesalnih navad na govorni razvoj otrok je bila v naši raziskavi dokazano visoka. Statistično značilno smo potrdili, da je nižja ozaveščenost staršev povezana z daljšim trajanjem navad; daljše trajanje je bilo povezano tudi z večjo verjetnostjo kasnejših artikulacijskih težav ter z večjo pojavnostjo neustreznega griza. Daljše dojenje je bilo dokazano kot zaščitni dejavnik pred daljšimi sesalnimi navadami. Povezav ozaveščenosti staršev glede vpliva sesalnih navad na govorni razvoj z dnevnim časom sesanja, stopnjo izobrazbe matere, številom otrok v družini in starševsko izkušnjo sesanja nismo potrdili.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: otroci in starši, govor, ozaveščenost staršev, sesalne navade, govorni razvoj, orofacialni razvoj, preventiva
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: PEF - Faculty of Education
• Place of publishing: Kranj [i. e. Ljubljana]
• Publisher: T. Zupanc
• Year: 2025
• Number of pages: IX, 96 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-177561
• UDC: 612.78(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 263378179
• Publication date in RUL: 24.12.2025

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Parents’ awareness of non-nutritive sucking habits and their impact on children’s speech development

Abstract

Non-nutritive sucking habits—such as pacifier use, thumb sucking, and prolonged bottle-feeding—are common in early childhood. Although typical in the first months of life, their prolonged persistence can adversely affect orofacial structures, occlusal development, and speech. Parents play a key role in establishing and discontinuing these habits; therefore, their awareness is essential for timely prevention and intervention. The theoretical section presents the stomatognathic system and the typical development of oral-motor functions, including sucking, chewing, swallowing, feeding, breathing, and speech. Special attention is given to factors influencing orofacial development, such as mouth breathing, feeding practices, and excessive pacifier use. The types of sucking habits and their effects on muscle function, swallowing, occlusion formation, and speech abilities are described in detail. The role of parents in preventing and eliminating these habits, the importance of awareness and preventive measures, and a multidisciplinary approach involving speech-language pathology, orthodontics, and pediatrics are also addressed. The empirical section is based on a quantitative cross-sectional study conducted with a sample of 209 mothers of children of various ages. The aim of the research was to determine the extent to which parents are aware of the impact of sucking habits on children’s speech development and how this awareness relates to the duration and frequency of such habits. We also examined whether the level of awareness is influenced by parents’ educational level, the number of children in the family, their own childhood experiences with sucking habits, and how the duration of breastfeeding is associated with the persistence of sucking habits later on. Findings showed that most children maintained sucking habits beyond 18 months of age. Overall, parental awareness of the impact on speech development was not demonstrably low and was rather high. Lower parental awareness was significantly associated with longer habit duration; longer duration was also linked to a higher likelihood of later articulation difficulties and a greater prevalence of malocclusion. Longer breastfeeding emerged as a protective factor against prolonged non-nutritive sucking habits. No associations were found between parental awareness and daytime sucking time, education level, number of children, or parents’ past experience with sucking habits.

• Keywords: parental awareness, non-nutritive sucking habits, speech development, orofacial development, prevention.