Metal-poor star-forming clumps in cosmic noon galaxies: evidence for gas inflow and chemical dilution using JWST NIRISS

Estrada-Carpenter, Vicente (author), Bradač, Maruša (author), Martis, Nicholas S. (author), Rihtaršič, Gregor (author), Markov, Vladan (author)

The formation and evolution of galaxies are intricately linked to the baryon cycle, which fuels star formation while shaping chemical abundances within galaxies. Investigating the relationship between star formation and metallicity for large samples of galaxies requires expensive IFU surveys or sophisticated tools to analyze grism data. Here we analyze JWST NIRISS slitless grism data using Sleuth, a tool that forward models and infers spatially resolved physical properties from grism data, including observations from JWST NIRISS/NIRCam and future grism data like that from the Roman Space Telescope. Sleuth enables the extraction of high-quality emission line maps from slitless spectra, overcoming contamination and spatially varying stellar populations, which previously limited such studies. Utilizing Sleuth with data from the Canadian NIRISS Unbiased Cluster Survey, we investigated the relationship between metallicity and star formation in the star-forming clumps of galaxies at 0.6 < z < 1.35. We analyzed a sample of 20 galaxies, extracted high-quality emission line maps with Sleuth, and analyzed, in detail, the spatially resolved properties of star-forming clumps. Using H$\alpha$, [S II], and [S III] emission line maps, we examined the spatially resolved metallicities, ionization, and star formation rates of our sample. Our findings reveal that these star-forming clumps show lower metallicities (∼0.1 dex) than their surrounding galactic environments, indicating a metallicity dilution of 20% within the clumps’ gas. Our analysis indicates that these clumps exhibit intensified star formation and reduced metallicity, likely due to the inflow of metal-poor gas. These clumps illustrate the dynamic relationship between star formation and chemical enrichment within galaxies.

• Language: English
• Keywords: astrophysics, field galaxies, chemical abundances
• Work type: Article
• Typology: 1.01 - Original Scientific Article
• Organization: FMF - Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
• Publication status: Published
• Publication version: Version of Record
• Year: 2025
• Number of pages: 16 str.
• Numbering: Vol. 991, no. 2, art. no. 188
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-176550
• UDC: 524.8
• ISSN on article: 1538-4357
• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/adfb64
• COBISS.SI-ID: 259812355
• Publication date in RUL: 03.12.2025

Record is a part of a journal

• Title: The Astrophysical journal
• Shortened title: Astrophys. j.
• Publisher: University of Chicago Press for the American Astronomical Society
• ISSN: 1538-4357
• COBISS.SI-ID: 515079705

Licences

• License: CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Link: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Description: This is the standard Creative Commons license that gives others maximum freedom to do what they want with the work as long as they credit the author.

Secondary language

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: astrofizika, galaksije v polju, kemična sestava