Evaluating barriers and enablers of willingness-to-work as a crowdshipper : a comparison of business-to-business and business-to-customer models from a Slovenian perspective

Bajec, Patricija (author), Podovšovnik, Eva (author)

Crowdshipping has garnered increasing interest due to its potential benefits for various stakeholders. However, despite challenges in attracting crowdshippers, limited research explores their preferences, including socio-demographic factors and the practical challenges providers face when testing or implementing crowdshipping. This study aims to identify key factors influencing willingness-to-work (WTW) among potential crowdshippers, both in general and within business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-customer (B2C) contexts. Based on the literature review, this paper identifies 19 barriers influencing WTW and develops 22 corresponding enablers to address these barriers. Using a survey of 432 participants from Slovenia, the overall significance of these factors without differentiating business models was first assessed. Then, chi-squared automatic interaction detection analysis was applied to predict WTW in B2B and B2C contexts, identifying variations across these models. The disclosure of a mobile number emerged as the most influential predictor in both settings. Other notable differences in enablers and barriers were observed depending on the business model. These findings emphasise the need to consider business models in future preference analyses and provide a foundation for targeted recruitment strategies for crowdshippers.

• Language: English
• Keywords: last-mile delivery, crowdshipper willingness-to-work, barriers, enablers, business-to-business/customer
• Work type: Article
• Typology: 1.01 - Original Scientific Article
• Organization: FPP - Faculty of Maritime Studies and Transport
• Publication status: Published
• Publication version: Version of Record
• Year: 2025
• Number of pages: Str. 248-269
• Numbering: Vol. 37, no. 2
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-176377
• UDC: 005.523
• ISSN on article: 0353-5320
• DOI: 10.7307/ptt.v37i2.916
• COBISS.SI-ID: 229562115
• Publication date in RUL: 28.11.2025

Record is a part of a journal

• Title: Promet
• Shortened title: Promet
• Publisher: Fakultet prometnih znanosti, Fakulteta za pomorstvo in promet, Universita degli studi di Trieste, Istituto per lo studio dei transporti nell'integrazione economica europea, Fakultet za saobračaj i komunikacije, Fakulta prevadzky a ekonomiky dopravy a spojov, Dopravni fakulta Jana Pernera
• ISSN: 0353-5320
• COBISS.SI-ID: 1416196

Licences

• License: CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Link: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Description: This is the standard Creative Commons license that gives others maximum freedom to do what they want with the work as long as they credit the author.

Secondary language

• Language: Slovenian
• Title: Ocena ovir in spodbud za pripravljenost opravljanja dela množičnega dostavljavca : primerjava modelov poslovanje med podjetji (B2B) in poslovanje podjetje–potrošnik (B2C) z vidika Slovenije

Abstract

Množično dostavljanje (crowdshipping) je vzbudilo vse več zanimanja zaradi možnih koristi za različne deležnike. Kljub temu, da se ponudniki soočajo z izzivi pri privabljanju množičnih dostavljavcev, je raziskav, ki bi preučevale njihove preference – vključno s sociodemografskimi dejavniki in praktičnimi izzivi pri testiranju ali uvajanju množičnega dostavljanja –, še vedno malo. Namen te študije je prepoznati ključne dejavnike, ki vplivajo na pripravljenost za delo (WTW) med potencialnimi množičnimi dostavljavci, tako splošno kot v okviru modelov poslovanja med podjetji (B2B) in podjetje–potrošnik (B2C). Na podlagi pregleda literature je bilo identificiranih 19 ovir, ki vplivajo na WTW, ter razvitih 22 ustreznih spodbud za odpravljanje teh ovir. S pomočjo ankete, izvedene na vzorcu 432 udeležencev iz Slovenije, smo najprej ovrednotili pomen teh dejavnikov brez razlikovanja med poslovnima modeloma. Nato smo uporabili metodo Chi-Squared Automatic Interaction Detection za napovedovanje WTW v kontekstih B2B in B2C ter ugotovili razlike med obema modeloma. Razkritje mobilne telefonske številke se je v obeh primerih pokazalo kot najvplivnejši napovednik. Obenem so se pokazale tudi druge pomembne razlike v spodbudah in ovirah, odvisno od poslovnega modela. Ugotovitve poudarjajo potrebo po upoštevanju poslovnega modela v prihodnjih analizah preferenc in predstavljajo osnovo za bolj ciljno usmerjene strategije pridobivanja množičnih dostavljavcev.

• Keywords: dostava zadnje milje, množično pošiljanje, poslovni modeli, pripravljenost za delo, množični dostavljalec, ovire, spodbude, poslovanje med podjetji, poslovanje podjetje – potrošnik