Širjenje novega antisemitizma kot posledica genocida v Gazi : magistrsko delo

Kapš, Jakob (author), Zorn, Jelka (mentor), Šumi, Irena (comentor)

V svojem magistrskem delu sem raziskoval širjenje novega antisemitizma med mladimi odraslimi kot posledico genocida v Gazi. Ob prebiranju literature sem spoznaval, da je antisemitizem globoko zakoreninjen v zgodovini; od verskega preganjanja do rasističnega in političnega antisemitizma v 19. in 20. stoletju do danes, ko se novi antisemitizem prepleta s cionizmom, ko se kritika Izraela pogosto enači s sovraštvom do Judov. V raziskavi me je zanimalo, kakšen je pogled mladih odraslih o napadu Hamasa 7. oktobra 2023, kako spremljanje genocida v Gazi vpliva na njihova anticionistična stališča, kako mediji in socialna omrežja vplivajo na širjenje antisemitizma ter kako mladi odrasli razlikujejo med antisemitizmom in anticionizmom. Osredotočil sem se na razumevanje, kako genocid v Gazi krepi anticionizem, a hkrati tvega prehod v antisemitizem prek generalizacije in konspirativnih teorij. V teoretičnem uvodu sem opisal zgodovino Judov, pregledal antisemitizem vključno z njegovo politizacijo v nacizmu, opisal cionizem kot kolonialni projekt, orisal zgodovino Palestine, Gaze in države Izrael z njenimi kršitvami palestinskih pravic. Za tem sem opisal dogodke 7. oktobra 2023 in genocid v Gazi. Nato sem opisal novi antisemitizem vključno z definicijama IHRA in Jeruzalemske deklaracije. Skozi magistrsko nalogo sem želel nuditi prostor za razmislek o ločevanju med legitimno kritiko in sovraštvom ter opozoriti na vpliv medijev na širjenje antisemitizma. Poslužil sem se kvalitativne metode raziskovanja. Za pridobitev podatkov sem izvedel osem delno strukturiranih intervjujev z mladimi odraslimi (25–30 let), ki od 7. oktobra 2023 naprej spremljajo genocid v Gazi. Kot merski instrument sem na podlagi raziskovalnih vprašanj uporabil smernice za intervju. Pridobljene podatke sem kvalitativno analiziral ter zapisal rezultate. Ugotovil sem, da mladi odrasli napad Hamasa obsojajo, a ga razumejo v kontekstu odpora proti okupaciji. Prav tako sem spoznal, da genocid v Gazi krepi anticionizem med mladimi odraslimi, hkrati pa se širi tudi antisemitizem prek socialnih omrežij. Večina mladih odraslih, ki spremlja genocid v Gazi, razlikuje med sovraštvom do Judov in kritiko Izraela. Na koncu sem dodal predloge za ozaveščanje o razliki med antisemitizmom in anticionizmom.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: izraelsko-palestinski konflikt, antisemitizem, novi antisemitizem, cionizem, anticionizem, genocid v Gazi, Hamasov napad
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: FSD - Faculty of Social Work
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [J. Kapš]
• Year: 2025
• Number of pages: 83 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-176059
• UDC: 323.12(=411.16)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 269727235
• Publication date in RUL: 20.11.2025

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The spread of new antisemitism as a consequence of the genocide in Gaza

Abstract

In my master’s thesis, I researched the spread of new anti-Semitism among young adults as a consequence of the genocide in Gaza. While reading the literature, I realised that anti-Semitism is deeply rooted in history, from religious persecution to racist and political anti-Semitism in the 19th and 20th centuries, and that new anti-Semitism is intertwined with Zionism, where criticism of Israel is often equated with hatred of Jews. In my research, I was interested in what young adults’ views are on Hamas’ attack on October 7, 2023, how witnessing the genocide in Gaza affects their anti-Zionist opinions, how the media and social networks influence the spread of anti-Semitism, and how young adults distinguish between anti-Semitism and anti-Zionism. I focused on understanding how the genocide in Gaza strengthens anti-Zionism, but at the same time risks turning into anti-Semitism through generalisation and conspiracy theories. In the theoretical introduction, I described the history of the Jews, reviewed anti-Semitism, including its politicization in Nazism, described Zionism as a colonial project, and outlined the history of Palestine, Gaza and the State of Israel with its violations of Palestinian rights. I then described the events of October 7th, 2023, and the genocide in Gaza. Next, I described the new anti-Semitism, including the definitions of the IHRA and the Jerusalem declaration. Through my master’s thesis, I wanted to provide a space for reflection on the distinction between legitimate criticism and hatred, and to draw attention to the influence of media on the spread of anti-Semitism. I used qualitative research methods to collect data, conducting eight semi-structured interviews with young adults (aged 25-30) who have been following the genocide in Gaza since 7th October 2023. I used interview guidelines based on research questions as a measuring instrument. I analysed the data qualitatively and recorded the results. I found that young adults condemn Hamas’ attack but understand it in the context of resistance to occupation. I also found that the genocide in Gaza is strengthening anti-Zionism among young adults, while anti-Semitism is also spreading through social networks. Most young adults who follow the genocide in Gaza distinguish between hatred of Jews and criticism of Israel. Finally, I added suggestions for raising awareness about the difference between anti-Semitism and anti-Zionism.

• Keywords: Israeli-Palestinian conflict, anti-Semitism, new antisemitism, Zionism, anti-Zionism, genocide in Gaza, Hamas attack