Analiza tehnoloških postopkov vgradnje in nosilnosti prednapetih sider za potrebe sanacije plazu Bled - Soteska : magistrsko delo

Konjar, Gregor (author), Jovičić, Vojkan (mentor), Šporin, Jurij (member of the commission for defense), Kortnik, Jože (member of the commission for defense)

Preko plazovitega območja Bled – Soteska poteka regionalna cesta R1-209/1089 Bled – Soteska od km 3,002 do km 3,259 na kateri so letno evidentirani večji vertikalni posedki, ki negativno vplivajo tako na varnost prometa kot tudi na trajnost in ekonomičnost obratovanja in vzdrževanja cestne povezave. Namen magistrskega dela je ugotoviti ali je mogoče plazovito območje sanirati z izvedbo pilotne stene sidrane s trajnimi prednapetimi geotehničnimi sidri s posebnim poudarkom na izbiri in uporabi ustrezne tehnologije vgradnje sider. Območje plazu tvorijo kvartarni nanosi jezerske krede - gline, ki so v vrhnjem delu prekriti s plastmi pobočnega grušča. Plasti jezerske krede segajo do globine 30 m, pri čemer se konsistenca jezerske krede z globino spreminja od srednje gnetnega do poltrdnega konsistenčnega stanja, kar predstavlja svojevrsten geomehanski in geotehnični izziv. Pred vgradnjo in preizkušanjem sider je bila izvedena geomehanska analiza s katero so bile določene dimenzije sider in potrebna sidrna sila. Za ugotovitev najprimernejše tehnologije vgradnje in razpoložljive nosilnosti sider so bila v območju plazu vgrajena testna sidra in sicer z uporabo dveh tehnologij izvedbe vrtine v območju veznega dela sider. V magistrskem delu so podana opažanja pri vgradnji sider ter opisane prednosti in slabosti posamezne tehnologije vgradnje. Skupaj je bilo vgrajenih 9 testnih sider, ki so bila preizkušena skladno s standardom SIST EN ISO 22477-5, skladno s tem standardom so bili analizirani tudi rezultati preizkusov. Na podlagi ugotovitev pri opazovanju tehnoloških postopkov vgradnje in analize rezultatov preizkusov nosilnosti, je bilo ugotovljeno, da je pilotno steno mogoče sidrati s trajnimi prednapetimi sidri dolžine 45 m, ki se vgradijo po tehnologiji izvedbe vrtine v območju veznega dela sidra z globinskim kladivom in razširjevalnim (nadprofilnim) dletom. Območje plazu je bilo v letih 2023 in 2024 uspešno sanirano z izvedbo sidrane pilotne stene.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: plaz, geotehnična sidra, tehnologija vgradnje, preizkušanje, nosilnost sider, SIST EN ISO 22477-5
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: NTF - Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: G. Konjar
• Year: 2025
• Number of pages: XVII, 67 f.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-176006
• UDC: 622
• COBISS.SI-ID: 257918211
• Publication date in RUL: 18.11.2025

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Analysis of technological procedures for installation and pull-out resistance of prestressed anchors for remediation of Bled - Soteska landslide : master's thesis

Abstract

The Bled – Soteska landslide area is crossed by the regional road R1-209/1089 Bled – Soteska from km 3.002 to km 3.259, on which major vertical subsidence is recorded annually that negatively affect both traffic safety and the sustainability and economy of operation and maintenance of the road connection. The purpose of the master’s thesis is to evaluate the feasibility of remediating the landslide area through the construction of a pile wall supported by permanent prestressed geotechnical anchors, with particular emphasis on selecting and applying an appropriate anchor installation technology. The landslide area is formed by quaternary deposits of lake chalk - clay, which are covered with layers of slope gravel. The layers of lake chalk reach a depth of 30 m, with the consistency of the lake chalk changing with depth from medium-dense to semi-solid consistency, which represents a unique geomechanical and geotechnical challenge. Before installing and testing the anchors, a geomechanical analysis was performed to determine required dimensions of the anchors and anchor force. To determine the most suitable installation technology and the available load capacity of the anchors, test anchors were installed in the landslide area, using two technologies for drilling holes in the anchor bonded length. The master's thesis provides observations during the installation of the anchors and describes the advantages and disadvantages of each installation technology. A total of 9 test anchors were installed and tested in accordance with the SIST EN ISO 22477-5, the test results were also analyzed in accordance with this this code of practice. Based on the findings from observing installation procedures and analyzing the results of the investigation tests, it was determined that the pile wall can be anchored with 45 m long permanent prestressed anchors, which are installed using the down the hole hammer with an extendable drill bit. The landslide area was successfully remediated in 2023 and 2024 by implementing an anchored pile wall.

• Keywords: landslide, geotechnical anchors, installation technology, testing, pull-out resistance, SIST EN ISO 22477-5