Ellipsoidal acoustic emission patterns in basalt bio-epoxy laminates under different loading angles

Kek, Tomaž (author), Bergant, Zoran (author), Šturm, Roman (author)

The acoustic and mechanical behavior of basalt fiber-reinforced bio-epoxy laminates under different loading angles are investigated, with a focus on damage evolution description through acoustic emission (AE) monitoring. Laminates with different fiber orientations, quasi-isotropic [45/–45/0/90]▫$_{2S}$▫ and angle-ply [45/–45]▫$_{4S}$▫ were tested using an adapted Arcan fixture for simultaneous AE monitoring. A novel ellipsoidal visualization method is introduced to represent AE signal parameters, enabling a more intuitive interpretation of parameter magnitudes and trends. The study demonstrates that these ellipsoidal AE patterns enhance early damage detection and reveal shifts in AE responses corresponding to various stress states. The integration of AE monitoring with digital image correlation (DIC) and microscopy analysis provides complementary insights into failure mechanisms. Neural network classification of AE signals by normalized force regions confirms strong discriminative capability, particularly in the nonlinear loading phase where significant energy release events occur. The AE parameter transitions near peak load show consistent trends across both laminate types, with differences observed in the intensity of parameter shifts. The findings highlight the potential of AE monitoring as advanced diagnostics in sustainable fiber-reinforced composites.

• Language: English
• Keywords: acoustic emission, basalt fiber composite, digital image correlation, damage mechanisms, Arcan fixture
• Work type: Article
• Typology: 1.01 - Original Scientific Article
• Organization: FS - Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
• Publication status: Published
• Publication version: Version of Record
• Year: 2025
• Number of pages: 11 str.
• Numbering: Vol. 152, art. 109013
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-175907
• UDC: 620.179.17
• ISSN on article: 0142-9418
• DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.109013
• COBISS.SI-ID: 257133315
• Publication date in RUL: 13.11.2025

Record is a part of a journal

• Title: Polymer testing
• Shortened title: Polym. test.
• Publisher: Elsevier
• ISSN: 0142-9418
• COBISS.SI-ID: 26155008

Licences

• License: CC BY-NC 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
• Link: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
• Description: A creative commons license that bans commercial use, but the users don’t have to license their derivative works on the same terms.

Secondary language

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: akustična emisija, kompoziti iz bazaltnih vlaken, digitalna korelacija slik, mehanizmi poškodb, vpenjalo Arcan

Projects

• Funder: ARIS - Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency
• Project number: P2-0270
• Name: Proizvodni sistemi, laserske tehnologije in spajanje materialov