Analiza evakuacijskega časa iz trgovine s tehničnim blagom

Stovanje, Nastja (author), Schnabl, Simon (mentor)

V magistrskem delu sem se posvetila evakuaciji ljudi. Ko je govora o varni evakuaciji, je najbolj pomemben dejavnik dejanski čas, ki je na voljo za varni umik ASET in dejanski čas, potreben za varen umik iz objekta RSET. Med izdelavo magistrskega dela sem preučevala čas, potreben za umik ljudi iz prostorov trgovine s tehničnim blagom. Za osnovo sem si izbrala naključno trgovino s tehničnim blagom. V uvodu sem natančneje predstavila dejavnike, ki vplivajo na evakuacijo in čas, potreben za umik ljudi iz objekta. V svojem delu sem analizirala 4 prostore, pri čemer vsak prostor predstavlja posamezen oddelek trgovine, obravnavan kot samostojen prostor z lastnimi izhodi. Čeprav so ti prostori v realnosti med seboj povezani preko hodnikov, sem jih zaradi preglednosti in lažje primerjave, obravnavala ločeno. Znotraj posameznega prostora, sem glede na izbrane dejavnike analizirala simulacije, ki sem jim spreminjala ključne parametre, kot so število oseb (10, 20, 50 in 100), število izhodov (1 ali 2), hitrost gibanja oseb (1,20 m/s in 1,60 m/s) ter prostorsko razporeditev regalov (vertikalno in horizontalno) ter ovire v prostoru. Prostore sem upodobila s pomočjo programa Autocad, ki omogoča izris tlorise v 2D- in 3D-obliki. Nato sem iz vsakega prostora s pomočjo programa Pathfinder izvedla simulacijo gibanja ljudi proti izhodu. Opazovala sem, kako se ljudje gibajo po prostoru, katero smer izberejo prosti izhodu. Program mi je omogočil tudi izpis časov, potrebnih za umik ljudi na prosto. Tako sem pridobila maksimalne, povprečne in skupne čase, potrebne za umik ljudi iz posameznega prostora. Na podlagi primerjav dobljenih povprečnih, maksimalnih in skupnih časov, potrebnih za umik ljudi iz prostora, sem ugotovila, da omenjeni dejavniki vplivajo na čase umika. In sicer večje število ljudi v prostoru podaljšuje čase umika. Prav tako ovire v prostoru podaljšujejo čase umika. Bolj so ljudje razpršeni po prostoru, daljši so časi umika in bolj neurejeno je gibanje ljudi. Pri simulacijah, kjer so se ljudje gibali s hitrostjo 1,20 m/s, so bili časi umika daljši kot pri simulacijah, kjer so se ljudje gibali s hitrostjo 1,60 m/s. Na podlagi dobljenih rezultatov sem potrdila oziroma ovrgla 6 danih hipotez ter določila preventivne ukrepe, ki so lahko v pomoč pri gradnji, postavitvi in obravnavi takih objektov. Rezultati lahko služijo kot podlaga za načrtovanje in izvajanje ukrepov varstva pred požarom v takih objektih. Prav tako so v pomoč pri določanju optimalnega števila oseb v posameznem prostoru, pri postavitvi regalov v prostoru ter izhodov.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: požar, evakuacija, čas umika, trgovina, tehnično blago, prostor.
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
• Year: 2025
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-175903
• COBISS.SI-ID: 259966979
• Publication date in RUL: 13.11.2025

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Evacuation time analysis from technical goods store

Abstract

In my master's thesis, I focused on the evacuation of people. When it comes to safe evacuation, the most important factor is the actual time for safe evacuation ASET and the time required for safe evacuation from the facility RSET. During my master's thesis, I studied the time required for the evacuation of people from the premises of a technical goods store. I chose a random technical goods store as a basis. In the introduction, I presented in more detail the factors that affect evacuation and the time required for the evacuation of people from the facility. In my work, I analyzed 4 spaces, each representing a separate department of the store, treated as an independent space with its own exits. Although these spaces are connected to each other via corridors in reality, I treated them separately for the sake of transparency and easier comparison. Within each space, I analyzed simulations based on the selected factors, changing key parameters such as the number of people (10, 20, 50 and 100), the number of exits (1 or 2), the speed of movement of people (1.20 m/s and 1.60 m/s) and the spatial arrangement of shelves (vertical and horizontal) and obstacles in the space. I depicted the spaces using the Autocad program, which allows drawing floor plans in 2D and 3D format. Then, from each space, I used the Pathfinder program to simulate the movement of people towards the exit. I observed how people move around the space and which direction they choose to exit. The program also allowed me to print out the times needed to evacuate people outdoors. This way, I obtained the maximum, average, and total times needed to evacuate people from each space. Based on the comparisons of the obtained average, maximum and total times required for people to withdraw from the space, I found that the aforementioned factors affect the withdrawal times. Namely, a larger number of people in the space extends the withdrawal times. Obstacles in the space also extend the withdrawal times. The more people are dispersed throughout the space, the longer the withdrawal times and the more disorderly the movement of people. In simulations where people moved at a speed of 1.20 m/s, the withdrawal times were longer than in simulations where people moved at a speed of 1.60 m/s. Based on the results obtained, I confirmed or refuted 6 given hypotheses and determined preventive measures that can be helpful in the construction, installation and treatment of such facilities. The results can serve as a basis for planning and implementing fire protection measures in such facilities. They are also helpful in determining the optimal number of people in a particular room, in the placement of shelves in the room and exits.

• Keywords: fire, evacuation, withdrawal time, store, technical goods, space.