In the thesis we briefly go through the history of maps and try to find out which properties of maps are important to us. More accurately we study the family of the conformal conical projections, Mercator and stereographic projection. For Mercator and stereographic projections we find out, they are the limit cases of conformal conical projections. We also study more accurately the distortion of distances in map projections. We find out that the cartographic projection with the minimum distortion on a closed disc exists and this is the azimuthal equidistant projection, for which we find also the prescription. We look at the distortion from a different point of view, and we meet the Tissot’s indicatrix. We find the prescriptions for the indicatrix in some more common cartographic projections. In the end we make a brief look in the world of polyhedral projections.
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