Primerjava avtomobilske svetilke iz tovarniške vgradnje in s trga nadomestnih delov

KOČEVAR, TILEN (author), Begeš, Gaber (mentor)

V magistrskem delu je predstavljena primerjalna analiza tovarniško vgrajenih svetilk (OEM – »Original Equipment Manufacturer«) in svetilk s trga nadomestnih delov – »aftermarket«. Namen raziskave je bil preveriti, kako razlike v kakovosti– razumljene kot kombinacija zanesljivosti, funkcionalnosti, stabilnosti v delovanju ter prisotnosti zaščitnih mehanizmov – vplivajo na zanesljivost, trajnost in skladnost komponent z industrijskimi standardi. Delo je zasnovano na treh temeljnih hipotezah: svetilke iz tovarniške vgradnje dosegajo višjo zanesljivost, svetilke iz trga nadomestnih delov kažejo večjo verjetnost napak pri obremenitvah, ter standardizirani postopki testiranja omogočajo objektivno oceno kakovosti. Za potrebe analize so bile uporabljene standardizirane metode testiranja, skladne s standardom ISO/IEC 17025 - Splošne zahteve za usposobljenost testnih in kalibracijskih laboratorijev in so vključevale električne in klimatske teste po standardu GS 95024-2: Električne in elektronske komponente v vozilih -Električne zahteve in testiranje v 12 V električnih sistemih vozila in GS 95024-3-1: Električne in elektronske komponente v vozilih – Okoljske zahteve in testiranje. Testiranje je obsegalo tako oceno električnih lastnosti kot odpornost na visoke temperature in temperaturne cikle, pri čemer so bile upoštevane tudi vizualne spremembe po testiranju. Rezultati so pokazali, da svetilke iz tovarniške vgradnje izkazujejo stabilnejše električno obnašanje, višjo mehansko odpornost in prisotnost zaščitnih funkcij, kot sta temperaturna in prenapetostna zaščita. Svetilke s trga nadomestnih delov so bile sicer funkcionalne, vendar so kazale večje vizualne spremembe, odsotnost zaščitnih mehanizmov in nižjo robustnost. Ena izmed njih je med klimatskim testom odpovedala pred zaključkom cikla. Hipoteze so bile potrjene. Svetilke iz tovarniške vgradnje zagotavljajo večjo zanesljivost in stabilnost, saj med testiranjem ni prišlo do nobene funkcionalne odpovedi. Nasprotno pa svetilke s trga nadomestnih delov predstavljajo večje tveganje za odpoved v zahtevnejših pogojih. Uporaba standardiziranih testnih metod se je izkazala kot ključna za objektivno oceno kakovosti in zanesljivosti komponent.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: OEM, aftermarket, svetilke, testiranje, avtomobilska industrija
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: FE - Faculty of Electrical Engineering
• Year: 2025
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-175832
• COBISS.SI-ID: 258186243
• Publication date in RUL: 10.11.2025

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Comparison of factory-installed and aftermarket car lamps

Abstract

This master's thesis presents a comparative analysis of factory-installed lamps (OEM – Original Equipment Manufacturer) and lamps from the aftermarket. The aim of the research was to examine how differences in quality – understood as a combination of reliability, functionality, operational stability, and the presence of protective mechanisms – affect the reliability, durability, and compliance of components with industry standards. The study is based on three main hypotheses: OEM lamps achieve higher reliability, aftermarket lamps show a higher likelihood of failure under load, and standardized testing procedures enable an objective assessment of quality. For the purposes of the analysis, standardized testing methods were used in accordance with ISO/IEC 17025 – General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories – and included electrical and climatic tests based on GS 95024-2 (Electrical and electronic components in vehicles – Electrical requirements and tests in 12 V onboard electrical systems) and GS 95024-3-1 (Electrical and electronic components in vehicles – Environmental requirements and testing). The testing included evaluation of electrical characteristics, resistance to high temperatures, and thermal cycling, while also taking into account the visual changes after testing. The results showed that OEM lamps demonstrate more stable electrical behavior, higher mechanical resistance, and the presence of protective functions such as thermal and overvoltage protection. Aftermarket lamps were functionally adequate but showed more pronounced visual changes, lacked protection mechanisms, and exhibited lower robustness. One of them failed before completing the climatic test cycle. The hypotheses were confirmed. OEM lamps provide greater reliability and stability, as no functional failures occurred during testing. In contrast, aftermarket lamps present a higher risk of failure under demanding conditions. The use of standardized testing methods proved essential for the objective evaluation of component quality and reliability.

• Keywords: OEM, aftermarket, lamps, testing, automotive industry