A novel bisphenol A alternative, DD-70, may negatively affect haemostasis through cyclooxygenase 1 inhibition

Hrubša, Marcel (author), Soloviova, Alina (author), Gunaseelan, Catherine (author), Harčárová, Patrícia (author), Lomozová, Zuzana (author), Jirkovský, Eduard (author), Carazo, Alejandro (author), Sollner Dolenc, Marija (author), Peterlin-Mašič, Lucija (author), Mladěnka, Přemysl (author)

Bisphenols, frequently used in the plastics industry, have been recognized as environmental pollutants. Bans on bisphenol A use led to the replacement by alternatives. There are, however, almost no data on their biological effects in humans. This study has focused on the potential negative impact of four alternatives to bisphenol A on haemostasis and erythrocytes. Acute toxicity was assessed using rat and human erythrocytes, followed by a lactate dehydrogenase assay. The impact on platelet aggregation was initially screened in whole human blood, followed by a thorough investigation of the mechanism of action at different levels. Haemocoagulation was also assessed. The erythrocyte toxicity of all tested compounds was relatively low, with TC50s above 500 μM in all cases. None of the compounds augmented platelet aggregation, but DD-70 was a potent antiplatelet compound with an IC50 of 5.0 ± 2.7 µM in arachidonic acid-triggered platelet aggregation. DD-70 also blocked other aggregation pathways, and its mechanism was primarily based on the inhibition of cyclooxygenase 1. Only high concentrations of the tested bisphenol A alternatives (≥100 µM) influenced blood coagulation. Based on these results, DD-70 may affect platelet aggregation and have clinical consequences due to its low IC$_{50}$, however, this hypothesis requires a human exposure study to be confirmed. Environmental implications: Due to the enormous amounts of bisphenols used in the chemical industry, they represent important environmental pollutants. Their accumulation both in the environment and the human body has a negative influence on nature and the health of the population. While the most infamous representative, bisphenol A, is being banned in developed countries, the lack of knowledge on the biological effects of its substitutes poses a grave danger. Our study shows that one of these alternatives may, in fact, negatively impact the haemostasis of both humans and animals, which may have negative implications, in particular for occupational healthcare and food production.

• Language: English
• Keywords: bisphenol, platelet aggregation, thermal paper, toxicity, coagulation, erythrocyte
• Work type: Article
• Typology: 1.01 - Original Scientific Article
• Organization: FFA - Faculty of Pharmacy
• Publication status: Published
• Publication version: Version of Record
• Year: 2025
• Number of pages: 9 str.
• Numbering: Vol. 203, [article no.] ǂ109738
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-175593
• UDC: 615.9
• ISSN on article: 0160-4120
• DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2025.109738
• COBISS.SI-ID: 247001347
• Publication date in RUL: 05.11.2025

Record is a part of a journal

• Title: Environment international
• Shortened title: Environ. int.
• Publisher: Elsevier
• ISSN: 0160-4120
• COBISS.SI-ID: 25403136

Licences

• License: CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Link: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Description: This is the standard Creative Commons license that gives others maximum freedom to do what they want with the work as long as they credit the author.

Secondary language

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: bisfenoli, agregacija trombocitov, termo papir, koagulacija, eritrociti, toksičnost, hormonski motilci